Jurisprudence of Transactions
182 hadiths
Page 2 of 4
the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the Muzābanah sale: that is to sell fruits in one's garden, if it is palm trees, for dates by dry measure; and if it is a vineyard, to sell for raisins by dry measure; and if it is any crop to sell for a dry measure of its food. He forbade all such transactions
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the Muzābanah sale: that is to sell fruits in one's garden, if it is palm trees, for dates by dry measure; and if it is a vineyard, to sell for raisins by dry measure; and if it is any crop to sell for a dry measure of its food. He forbade all such transactions.
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the transaction called Habal al-Habalah
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the transaction called Habal al-Habalah which was practiced in pre-Islamic times. A man would buy the meat of the slaughtered camel up to Habal al-Habalah, which implies that a she-camel should give birth and then its offspring would grow young and become pregnant and give birth. It was said that a man would sell his old she-camel for the unborn offspring of the fetus inside the womb of the buyer's camel (i.e. he buys the offspring of the offspring of the pregnant camel).
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) bought food from a Jew and pledged him his iron armor
‘Ā'ishah bint Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) bought food from a Jew and pledged him his iron armor.
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the sales called Mukhābarah, Muhāqalah, Muzābanah and the selling of fruits until they are fit for eating. He also forbade the selling of fruits but for money, except in the case of ‘Araya
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the sales called Mukhābarah, Muhāqalah, Muzābanah and the selling of fruits until they are fit for eating. He also forbade the selling of fruits but for money, except in the case of ‘Araya.
O Messenger of Allah, I have acquired a piece of land in Khaybar, and I have never acquired a property more precious to me than that. What do you command me to do with it? He said: If you wish you can keep its origin as an endowment, and give its yield in charity
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar acquired a piece of land in Khaybar, so he came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to know what he should do with it. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have acquired a piece of land in Khaybar, and I have never acquired a property more precious to me than that. What do you command me to do with it?" He said: "If you wish you can keep its origin as an endowment, and give its yield in charity." So, ‘Umar gave the land in charity (i.e. as an endowment on the condition that the land would neither be sold nor given as a gift, nor bequeathed). He gave its yield as charity to the poor, the relatives, for emancipation of slaves, in Allah's cause, and for the travelers. It was permissible for its administrator to eat from it in a reasonable just manner and feed his friends without seeking to be wealthy by its means. In another wording: "...without storing the property with the purpose of becoming rich.”
Beware! Beware! This is definitely usury! This is definitely usury! Do not do so, but if you want to buy (a superior kind of dates) sell the inferior dates for money, and then buy the superior kind of dates with that money
Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Once Bilāl brought some Barni dates to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who asked him, "Where did you get these dates?" Bilāl replied: "I had some inferior type of dates, and I exchanged two Sā‘s of it for one Sā‘ of Barni dates in order to give it to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to eat." Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Beware! Beware! This is definitely usury! This is definitely usury! Do not do so, but if you want to buy (a superior kind of dates) sell the inferior dates for money and then buy the superior kind of dates with that money."
the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited the price of a dog, the earnings of a prostitute, and the money paid to a soothsayer
Abu Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited the price of a dog, the earning of a prostitute, and the money paid to a soothsayer.
Do you think I bargained with you to take your camel? Take your camel and your dirhams; these are yours
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was traveling on a camel and it got exhausted, and I decided to release it. However, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) caught up with me, supplicated for me, and struck it. Thereupon, it started to walk like never before. Then, he said: "Sell it to me for an ounce." I said: ‘No.’ He again said: "Sell it to me." So, I sold it to him for an ounce, but made the stipulation that I should be allowed to ride it back to my family. Then, when I reached home, I took the camel to him and he paid me its price on the spot. As I went back, he sent someone after me and said: "Do you think I bargained with you to take your camel? Take your camel and your dirhams; these are yours."
Do not buy it back and do not take back your charity, even if he gives it to you for one dirham, for the one who takes back his gift is like the one who takes back his vomit
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: 'I donated a horse for Jihad. The man who had the horse neglected it, so I wanted to buy it back, thinking that he would sell it for a cheap price. I asked the Prophet about this, and he said: "Do not buy it back and do not take back your charity, even if he gives it to you for one dirham, for the one who takes back his gift is like the one who takes back his vomit."
The one who takes back the gift he has given to someone is like one who eats his vomit
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The one who takes back the gift he has given to someone is like one who eats his vomit." In another wording: "The one who takes back the charity that he gave is like a dog that vomits then eats its vomit."
Whoever pays in advance for anything, let him pay for a specified measure and a specified weight, to be delivered on a specified period of time
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madīnah, they used to pay one, two or three years in advance for fruits, so he said: "Whoever pays in advance for anything, let him pay for a specified measure and a specified weight, to be delivered on a specified period of time."
We were the wealthiest farmers among the Ansār, and we used to lease out the land (saying): The produce of this (part of land) would be ours and (the produce) of that would be theirs. But it so happened that at times this (land) gave harvest, but the other one produced nothing. So he (the Prophet) forbade this. However, so far as the payment in silver is concerned, he did not forbid it
Rāfi‘ ibn Khadīj (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that we were the wealthiest farmers among the Ansār, and we used to lease out the land (saying): "The produce of this (part of land) would be ours and (the produce) of that would be theirs." But it so happened that at times this (land) gave harvest, but the other one produced nothing. So he forbade this. However, so far as the payment in silver is concerned, he did not forbid it.
Do not sell gold for gold except like for like, and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa. And do not sell silver for silver except like for like, and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa. And do not sell gold or silver that is not present at the moment of exchange for gold or silver that is present
Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not sell gold for gold except like for like, and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa. Do not sell silver for silver except like for like, and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa. Do not sell gold or silver that is not present at the moment of exchange for gold or silver that is present." Another wording reads: "... except hand to hand." A third wording reads: "... except if it is equal in weight, equivalent in value, and of the same quality.”
No one should prevent his neighbor from inserting a wooden peg into his wall. Abu Hurayrah then said: Why do I see you averse to that? By Allah, I will spread it [forcefully] among you
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “No one should prevent his neighbor from inserting a wooden peg into his wall.” Abu Hurayrah then said: “Why do I see you averse to that? By Allah, I will spread it [forcefully] among you.”
He who sets free a Muslim slave, Allah will deliver from the fire of Hell every part of his body in return for every part of the slave's body, even his private parts
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He who sets free a Muslim slave, Allah will deliver from the fire of Hell every part of his body in return for every part of the slave's body, even his private parts."
Beware of excessive swearing (by Allah) in sale transactions, for it sells (the goods) then erases (the blessing)
Abu Qatādah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Beware of excessive swearing (by Allah) in sale transactions, for it sells (the goods) then erases (the blessing)."
Verily, if one of you insists on fulfilling an oath by which he may harm his family that is more sinful in the sight of Allah, the Almighty, than breaking the oath and paying the (oath-breaking) expiation that Allah imposed
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Verily, if one of you insists on fulfilling an oath by which he may harm his family that is more sinful in the sight of Allah, the Almighty, than breaking the oath and paying the (oath-breaking) expiation that Allah imposed.”
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) liked sweets and honey, and whenever he finished the ‘Asr prayer, he would visit his wives and stay closely with them, one after another. He once visited Hafsah and remained with her for longer than usual
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) liked sweets and honey, and whenever he finished the ‘Asr prayer, he would visit his wives and stay closely with them, one after another. He once visited Hafsah and remained with her for longer than usual. I inquired about it, and it was said to me: ‘A woman from her tribe gifted her a leather vessel containing honey, and she gave some of it to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) to drink.’ I said: "By Allah, we will play a trick on him." So I mentioned the story to Sawdah and said to her: "When he visits you, he will come near you, whereupon you should say to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, have you eaten Maghafīr (bad-smelling gum)?' He will say: 'No.' Then say to him: 'What about this smell then?' It was very hard on the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) that a bad smell would emit from him. He will say: 'Hafsah has given me a drink of honey.' Then say to him: 'Its bees must have sucked from ‘Urfut (a foul-smelling plant).' I too will tell him the same. And you, O Safiyyah, also say the same.’ When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) visited Sawdah, the following happened, as related by Sawdah, who said: 'By the One other than Whom there is no god, I was about to tell him what you had told me while he was still at the door, out of fear from you.’ But when the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came near her, she said to him: ‘O Messenger of Allah, have you eaten Maghāfīr?’ He replied: ‘No.’ ‘I said: 'What about this smell then?' He said: 'Hafsah has given me a drink of honey.' I said: 'Its bees must have sucked ‘Urfut.'’ When he visited me, I told him the same, and when he visited Safiyyah, she too said the same. When he visited Hafsah again, she said to him: ‘O Messenger of Allah, shall I give you a drink of it (the honey)?’ He said: ‘I have no desire for it.’ Sawdah said: ‘Glory be to Allah! By Allah, we have deprived him of it.’ I said to her: ‘Keep quiet!’”
The son of Adam cannot make a vow concerning what is not his; he cannot free a slave who is not his; and he cannot divorce a woman who is not his (wife)
‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb reported from his father that his grandfather said that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The son of Adam cannot make a vow concerning what is not his; he cannot free a slave who is not his; and he cannot divorce a woman who is not his (wife).”
This verse: {Allah does not impose blame upon you for what is unintentional in your oaths} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 225] was revealed concerning saying: "No, by Allah" and "Yes, by Allah"
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: This verse: {Allah does not impose blame upon you for what is unintentional in your oaths} [Sūrat al-Baqarah: 225) was revealed concerning saying: "No, by Allah" and "Yes, by Allah".
The expiation for a vow is the same as the expiation for an oath
‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The expiation for a vow is the same as the expiation for an oath."
Whoever manumits a Muslim, Allah will save from Hell each organ of his body for each organ of him
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever manumits a Muslim, Allah will save from Hell each organ of his body for each organ of him (i.e. of the manumitted person).''
إن كنت تحب أن تطوق طوقًا من نار فاقبلها
عن عبادةَ بن الصامتِ، قال: عَلَّمتُ ناساً من أهل الصُّفَّةِ الكتابَ والقرآنَ، فأهْدَى إليَّ رجلٌ منهم قَوْسًا، فقلت: ليست بمالٍ وأرمي عنها في سبيلِ الله عز وجل، لآتِيَنَّ رسولَ الله فلأسألَنَّهُ، فأتيتُه، فقلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، رجلٌ أهدى إلي قوسًا ممن كنت أُعلِّمُه الكتابَ والقرآنَ، وليست بمال وأرمي عنها في سبيل الله؟ قال: "إن كنتَ تُحبُّ أن تُطَوَّقَ طَوقًا من نارٍ فاقبَلْها".
إن أبي مات وترك مالًا، ولم يوص، فهل يكفر عنه أن أتصدق عنه؟
عن أبي هريرة أن رجلًا قال للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن أبي مات وترك مالًا، ولم يوص، فهل يكفر عنه أن أتصدق عنه؟ قال: «نعم».
من بلغه معروف عن أخيه من غير مسألة ولا إشراف نفس فليقبله ولا يرده
عن خالد بن عدي الجهني قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: "من بلغه معروف عن أخيه من غير مسألة ولا إشراف نفس فليقبله ولا يرده، فإنما هو رزق ساقه الله إليه".
اقضوا الله الذي له، فإن الله أحق بالوفاء
عن ابن عباس أن امرأة جاءت إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقالت: إن أمي نذرت أن تحج فماتت قبل أن تحج، أفأحج عنها؟ قال: «نعم، حجي عنها، أرأيت لو كان على أمك دين أكنت قاضيته؟»، قالت: نعم، فقال: «اقضوا الله الذي له، فإن الله أحق بالوفاء».
أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أعطاه دينارًا يشتري له به شاةً، فاشترى له به شاتين
عن عروة البارقي أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أعطاه دينارًا يشتري له به شاةً، فاشترى له به شاتين، فباع إحداهما بدينارٍ، وجاءه بدينارٍ وشاةٍ، فدعا له بالبركة في بيعه، وكان لو اشترى التراب لربح فيه.
أن أم مالك كانت تُهدِي للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في عُكَّةٍ لها سمنًا
عن جابر أن أم مالك كانت تُهدِي للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في عُكَّةٍ لها سمنًا، فيأتيها بنوها فيسألون الأُدْمَ، وليس عندهم شيء، فتعمد إلى الذي كانت تهدي فيه للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فتجد فيه سمنًا، فما زال يقيم لها أدم بيتها حتى عصرته، فأتت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: «عَصَرْتِيْها؟» قالت: نعم، قال «لو تركتيها ما زال قائمًا».
لا تحلفوا بآبائكم ولا بأمهاتكم ولا بالأنداد
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ، وَلَا بِأُمَّهَاتِكُمْ، وَلَا بِالْأَنْدَادِ، وَلَا تَحْلِفُوا إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَلَا تَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ صَادِقُونَ».
كثيرًا مما كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يحلف: لا ومقلب القلوب
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَثِيرًا مِمَّا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَحْلِفُ: «لاَ وَمُقَلِّبِ القُلُوبِ».
مَن حَلَفَ على يمينٍ فقال: إن شاء الله. فقد استثنى، فلا حنث عليه
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَقَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَقَدِ اسْتَثْنَى، فَلاَ حِنْثَ عَلَيْهِ»، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «مَنْ حَلَفَ فَاسْتَثْنَى فَإِنْ شَاءَ مَضَى وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ غَيْرَ حِنْثٍ».
أن امرأة قالت: يا رسول الله، إني نذرت أن أضرب على رأسك بالدف، قال: أوفي بنذرك
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عَلَى رَأْسِكَ بِالدُّفِّ، قَالَ: «أَوْفِي بِنَذْرِكِ» قَالَتْ: إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَذْبَحَ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، مَكَانٌ كَانَ يَذْبَحُ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، قَالَ «لِصَنَمٍ؟»: قَالَتْ: لَا، قَالَ: «لِوَثَنٍ؟»، قَالَتْ: لَا، قَالَ: «أَوْفِي بِنَذْرِكِ».
مَن نذر أن يطيع الله فليطعه، ومَن نذر أن يعصيَه فلا يعصِه
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَهُ فَلاَ يَعْصِهِ».
إن الله عن تعذيبِ هذا نفسَه لغنيٌّ
عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَى شَيْخًا يُهَادَى بَيْنَ ابْنَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا بَالُ هَذَا؟» قَالُوا: نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ، قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللهَ عَنْ تَعْذِيبِ هَذَا نَفْسَهُ لَغَنِيٌّ»، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ.
أن امرأة ركبت البحر، فنذرت إن الله نجاها أن تصوم شهرًا، فنجاها الله
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً رَكِبَتِ الْبَحْرَ، فَنَذَرَتْ إِنْ اللَّهُ نَجَّاهَا أَنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرًا، فَنَجَّاهَا اللَّهُ، فَلَمْ تَصُمْ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ، فَجَاءَتْ ابْنَتُهَا أَوْ أُخْتُهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَصُومَ عَنْهَا.
أن رجلًا قام يوم الفتح، فقال: يا رسول الله، إني نذرت لله إن فتح الله عليك مكة أن أصلي في بيت المقدس ركعتين
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلَّهِ إِنْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَكَّةَ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، قَالَ: «صَلِّ هَهُنَا»، ثُمَّ أَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ هَهُنَا»، ثُمَّ أَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «شَأْنُكَ إِذَنْ».
نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يبيع بعضكم على بيع بعض، ولا يخطب الرجل على خطبة أخيه
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ، وَلاَ يَخْطُبَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ، حَتَّى يَتْرُكَ الخَاطِبُ قَبْلَهُ أَوْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ الخَاطِبُ.
أنت ومالُكَ لِوالدك
عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي مَالًا وَوَلَدًا، وَإِنَّ وَالِدِي يَحْتَاجُ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِوَالِدِكَ، إِنَّ أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ أَطْيَبِ كَسْبِكُمْ، فَكُلُوا مِنْ كَسْبِ أَوْلَادِكُمْ».
هل كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أوصى؟
عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: هَلْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْصَى؟ فَقَالَ: لاَ، فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الوَصِيَّةُ أَوْ أُمِرُوا بِالوَصِيَّةِ؟ قَالَ: أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ.
لو أن الناس غَضُّوا من الثلث إلى الربع
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ غَضُّوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «الثُّلُثُ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ».
أن رجلًا أعتق ستة مملوكين له عند موته، لم يكن له مال غيرهم
عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُمْ، فَدَعَا بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجَزَّأَهُمْ أَثْلَاثًا، ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ، وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً، وَقَالَ لَهُ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا. وَفِي رِوَايةٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَأَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ.
ثلاثة لا يكلمهم الله يوم القيامة ولا يزكيهم ولهم عذاب أليم
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «ثَلاَثَةٌ لاَ يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ وَلاَ يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ: رَجُلٌ عَلَى فَضْلِ مَاءٍ بِالطَّرِيقِ يَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ، وَرَجُلٌ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا لاَ يُبَايِعُهُ إِلَّا لِدُنْيَاهُ، إِنْ أَعْطَاهُ مَا يُرِيدُ وَفَى لَهُ، وَإِلَّا لَمْ يَفِ لَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ يُبَايِعُ رَجُلًا بِسِلْعَةٍ بَعْدَ العَصْرِ، فَحَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ بِهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا فَصَدَّقَهُ، فَأَخَذَهَا، وَلَمْ يُعْطَ بِهَا».
المسلمون شركاء في ثلاث: في الكلأ، والماء، والنار
عَنْ أَبِي خِدَاشٍ -وَهُوَ حِبَّانَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الشَّرْعَبِيِّ- عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: غَزَوْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثًا أَسْمَعُهُ يَقُولُ: «الْمُسْلِمُونَ شُرَكَاءُ فِي ثَلَاثٍ: فِي الْكَلَإِ وَالْمَاءِ وَالنَّارِ».
المتبايعان كل واحد منهما بالخيار على صاحبه ما لم يتفرقا
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: «المُتَبَايِعَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالخِيَارِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، إِلَّا بَيْعَ الخِيَارِ».
إنما البيع عن تراض.
«إِنَّمَا البَيْعُ عَنْ تَرَاضٍ».
لا تبيعوا الذهب بالذهب إلا سواء بسواء، والفضة بالفضة إلا سواء بسواء
عَن أَبي بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لاَ تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، وَالفِضَّةَ بِالفِضَّةِ إِلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ، وَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالفِضَّةِ، وَالفِضَّةَ بِالذَّهَبِ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ».
لا ربا إلا في النسيئة
عَن أَبِي صَالِحٍ الزَّيَّاتِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الخُدْرِيَّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ، وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ لاَ يَقُولُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: سَأَلْتُهُ، فَقُلْتُ: سَمِعْتَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَوْ وَجَدْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: كُلَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ أَقُولُ، وَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنِّي وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: «لاَ رِبًا إِلَّا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ».
اشتريت يوم خيبر قلادة باثني عشر دينارًا فيها ذهب وخَرَز
عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: اشْتَرَيْتُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قِلَادَةً بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا، فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ وَخَرَزٌ، فَفَصَّلْتُهَا، فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: «لَا تُبَاعُ حَتَّى تُفَصَّلَ».
لعن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم آكل الربا ومؤكله وكاتبه وشاهديه، وقال: هم سواء
لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُؤْكِلَهُ وَكَاتِبَهُ وَشَاهِدَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: «هُمْ سَوَاءٌ».
من احتكر فهو خاطئ
عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ مَعْمَرًا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنِ احْتَكَرَ فَهُوَ خَاطِئٌ»، فَقِيلَ لِسَعِيدٍ: فَإِنَّكَ تَحْتَكِرُ؟ قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: إِنَّ مَعْمَرًا الَّذِي كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ كَانَ يَحْتَكِرُ.