Jurisprudence of Transactions
182 hadiths
Page 3 of 4
سَأَلْتُ جَابِرًا عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَالسِّنَّوْرِ؟
سَأَلْتُ جَابِرًا عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَالسِّنَّوْرِ؟ قَالَ: زَجَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ.
لا يبع حاضرٌ لِبادٍ، دَعُوا الناس يرزق اللهُ بعضَهم من بعض
عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا يَبِعْ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ، دَعُوا النَّاسَ يَرْزُقِ اللهُ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ».
خذيها، فأعتقيها، واشترطي لهم الولاء، فإنما الولاء لمن أعتق
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ، فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ وَقِيَّةٌ، فَأَعِينِينِي، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ، وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي، فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي قَدْ عَرَضْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الوَلاَءُ لَهُمْ، فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَأَلَنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: «خُذِيهَا، فَأَعْتِقِيهَا، وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الوَلاَءَ، فَإِنَّمَا الوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ»، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَمَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَأَيُّمَا شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ، فَقَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ، وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ، مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ: أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلاَنُ وَلِيَ الوَلاَءُ، إِنَّمَا الوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ».
توفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ودرعه مرهونة عند يهوديٍّ
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدِرْعُهُ مَرْهُونَةٌ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ، بِثَلاَثِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ.
لا تبع ما ليس عندك
عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، يَأْتِينِي الرَّجُلُ فَيُرِيدُ مِنِّي الْبَيْعَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي أَفَأَبْتَاعُهُ لَهُ مِنَ السُّوقِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ».
لا يحل سلف وبيع، ولا شرطان في بيع، ولا ربح ما لم يضمن، ولا بيع ما ليس عندك
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا يَحِلُّ سَلَفٌ وَبَيْعٌ، وَلَا شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ، وَلَا رِبْحُ مَا لَمْ تَضْمَنْ، وَلَا بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ».
من أقال مسلمًا أقاله الله عثرته
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ أَقَالَ مُسْلِمًا أَقَالَهُ اللَّهُ عَثْرَتَهُ».
إن التجار هم الفجار
عَنْ عَبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ شِبْلٍ قال: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فَذَكرَ حَدِيثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ التُّجَّارَ هُمُ الْفُجَّارُ» قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ أَحَلَّ اللهُ الْبَيْعَ، وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا؟ قَالَ: «بَلَى وَلَكِنَّهُمْ يَحْلِفُونَ وَيَأْثَمُونَ».
من أخذ أموال الناس يريد أداءها أدى الله عنه
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهَا أَدَّى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ أَخَذَ يُرِيدُ إِتْلاَفَهَا أَتْلَفَهُ اللَّهُ».
نفس المؤمن معلَّقةٌ بدينه حتى يقضى عنه
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «نَفْسُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ».
كنا جلوسًا عند النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، إذ أُتِيَ بجنازة، فقالوا: صلِّ عليها
عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، إِذْ أُتِيَ بِجَنَازَةٍ، فَقَالُوا: صَلِّ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: «هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟»، قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: «فَهَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟»، قَالُوا: لَا، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِجَنَازَةٍ أُخْرَى، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، صَلِّ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: «هَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟» قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «فَهَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟»، قَالُوا: ثَلاَثَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِالثَّالِثَةِ، فَقَالُوا: صَلِّ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: «هَلْ تَرَكَ شَيْئًا؟»، قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: «فَهَلْ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ؟»، قَالُوا: ثَلاَثَةُ دَنَانِيرَ، قَالَ: «صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ»، قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: صَلِّ عَلَيْهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَعَلَيَّ دَيْنُهُ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ.
خذوا ما وجدتم، وليس لكم إلا ذلك
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: أُصِيبَ رَجُلٌ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ثِمَارٍ ابْتَاعَهَا، فَكَثُرَ دَيْنُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «تَصَدَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ»، فَتَصَدَّقَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ وَفَاءَ دَيْنِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِغُرَمَائِهِ: «خُذُوا مَا وَجَدْتُمْ، وَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ».
العارية مؤداة، والمنحة مردودة، والدين مقضي، والزعيم غارم
عَنْ أَبي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلّى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ، لَا تُنْفِقُ الْمَرْأَةُ شَيْئًا مِنْ بَيْتِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا»، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا الطَّعَامَ، قَالَ: «ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ أَمْوَالِنَا» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «الْعَارِيَّةُ مُؤَدَّاةٌ، وَالْمِنْحَةُ مَرْدُودَةٌ، وَالدَّيْنُ مَقْضِيٌّ، وَالزَّعِيمُ غَارِمٌ».
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم استعار من صفوان أدراعًا يوم حنين
عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَعَارَ مِنْهُ أَدْرَاعًا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، فَقَالَ: أَغَصْبٌ يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا، بَلْ عَارِيَّةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ».
إنه لا قُدِّست أمَّة لا يأخذ الضعيف فيها حقه غير متعتع
عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَقَاضَاهُ دَيْنًا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ، فَاشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ: أُحَرِّجُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا قَضَيْتَنِي. فَانْتَهَرَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَقَالُوا: وَيْحَكَ، تَدْرِي مَنْ تُكَلِّمُ؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي أَطْلُبُ حَقِّي. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «هَلَّا مَعَ صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ كُنْتُمْ؟» ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى خَوْلَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا: «إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكِ تَمْرٌ فَأَقْرِضِينَا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَنَا تَمْر فَنَقْضِيَكِ»، فَقَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَأَقْرَضَتْهُ، فَقَضَى الْأَعْرَابِيَّ وَأَطْعَمَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَوْفَيْتَ، أَوْفَى اللَّهُ لَكَ. فَقَالَ: «أُولَئِكَ خِيَارُ النَّاسِ، إِنَّهُ لَا قُدِّسَتْ أُمَّةٌ لَا يَأْخُذُ الضَّعِيفُ فِيهَا حَقَّهُ غَيْرَ مُتَعْتَعٍ».
Allah Almighty said: There are three I will be hostile to them on the Day of Judgment
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah Almighty said: There are three I will be hostile to them on the Day of Judgment: a man who gave a promise in My Name and then broke it; a man who sold a free person as a slave and devoured his price; and a man who hired a worker and took the full work from him, but did not pay him his wages."
نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن عَسْبِ الفَحْل
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: نَهَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ عَسْبِ الفَحْلِ.
لا يَدخلُ هذا بيتَ قومٍ إلا أدخلَه اللهُ الذُّلَّ
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الأَلْهَانِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ البَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ: وَرَأَى سِكَّةً وَشَيْئًا مِنْ آلَةِ الحَرْثِ، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لاَ يَدْخُلُ هَذَا بَيْتَ قَوْمٍ إِلَّا أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الذُّلَّ».
مَن أعمر أرضًا ليست لأحدٍ فهو أحق
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَعْمَرَ أَرْضًا لَيْسَتْ لِأَحَدٍ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ»، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قَضَى بِهِ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي خِلاَفَتِهِ.
من أحيا أرضًا ميتةً فهي له، وليس لعرق ظالم حقٌّ
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ».
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقبل الهدية ويثيب عليها
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقْبَلُ الهَدِيَّةَ وَيُثِيبُ عَلَيْهَا.
إني نُهِيتُ عن زَبْدِ المُشركين
عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ قَالَ: أَهْدَيْتُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَاقَةً، فَقَالَ: «أَسْلَمْتَ؟»، فَقُلْتُ: لَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنِّي نُهِيتُ عَنْ زَبْدِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ».
لا يرجع في هبته إلا الوالد من ولده
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا يَرْجِعْ فِي هِبَتِهِ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ».
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى عن لقطة الحاجِّ
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ لُقَطَةِ الْحَاجِّ.
ضالَّةُ المسلم حَرَق النار
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَرَقُ النَّارِ».
الصلح جائز بين المسلمين
عَنْ كَثِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «الصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلاَّ صُلْحًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً، أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا، وَالمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ، إِلاَّ شَرْطًا حَرَّمَ حَلاَلاً، أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا».
لما قدم المهاجرون من مكةَ المدينةَ قدموا وليس بأيديهم شيء
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ الْمَدِينَةَ قَدِمُوا وَلَيْسَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ شَيْءٌ، وَكَانَ الْأَنْصَارُ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ وَالْعَقَارِ، فَقَاسَمَهُمُ الْأَنْصَارُ عَلَى أَنْ أَعْطَوْهُمْ أَنْصَافَ ثِمَارِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، كُلَّ عَامٍ، وَيَكْفُونَهُمُ الْعَمَلَ وَالْمَئُونَةَ، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَهِيَ تُدْعَى أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ، وَكَانَتْ أُمَّ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، كَانَ أَخًا لِأَنَسٍ لِأُمِّهِ، وَكَانَتْ أَعْطَتْ أُمُّ أَنَسٍ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِذَاقًا لَهَا، فَأَعْطَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ، مَوْلَاتَهُ، أُمَّ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قِتَالِ أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ وَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَدَّ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ إِلَى الْأَنْصَارِ مَنَائِحَهُمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا مَنَحُوهُمْ مِنْ ثِمَارِهِمْ، قَالَ: فَرَدَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أُمِّي عِذَاقَهَا، وَأَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ مَكَانَهُنَّ مِنْ حَائِطِهِ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: وَكَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ أُمِّ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ وَصِيفَةً لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَلَمَّا وَلَدَتْ آمِنَةُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ مَا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُوهُ، فَكَانَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ تَحْضُنُهُ حَتَّى كَبِرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَعْتَقَهَا، ثُمَّ أَنْكَحَهَا زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَتْ بَعْدَ مَا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَمْسَةِ أَشْهُرٍ. مُتَّفقٌ عليهِ. وفِي روايةٍ للبُخاريِّ: عَنْ أَنسٍ رَضِي اللهُ عنهُ قال: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَجْعَلُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّخَلاَتِ، حَتَّى افْتَتَحَ قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرَ، وَإِنَّ أَهْلِي أَمَرُونِي أَنْ آتِيَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَسْأَلَهُ الَّذِي كَانُوا أَعْطَوْهُ أَوْ بَعْضَهُ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَعْطَاهُ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ، فَجَاءَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ فَجَعَلَتِ الثَّوْبَ فِي عُنُقِي، تَقُولُ: كَلَّا وَالَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لاَ يُعْطِيكَهُمْ وَقَدْ أَعْطَانِيهَا، أَوْ كَمَا قَالَتْ: وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لَكِ كَذَا» وَتَقُولُ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ، حَتَّى أَعْطَاهَا -حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ- عَشَرَةَ أَمْثَالِهِ، أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ.
من كان عنده طعام اثنين فليذهب بثالث، وإن أربع فخامس أو سادس
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الصُّفَّةِ كَانُوا أُنَاسًا فُقَرَاءَ، وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ طَعَامُ اثْنَيْنِ فَلْيَذْهَبْ بِثَالِثٍ، وَإِنْ أَرْبَعٌ فَخَامِسٌ أَوْ سَادِسٌ» وَأَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ جَاءَ بِثَلاَثَةٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَشَرَةٍ، قَالَ: فَهُوَ أَنَا وَأَبِي وَأُمِّي -فَلاَ أَدْرِي قَالَ: وَامْرَأَتِي وَخَادِمٌ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ بَيْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ-، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَعَشَّى عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ لَبِثَ حَيْثُ صُلِّيَتِ العِشَاءُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَلَبِثَ حَتَّى تَعَشَّى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجَاءَ بَعْدَ مَا مَضَى مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، قَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ: وَمَا حَبَسَكَ عَنْ أَضْيَافِكَ -أَوْ قَالَتْ: ضَيْفِكَ- قَالَ: أَوَمَا عَشَّيْتِيهِمْ؟ قَالَتْ: أَبَوْا حَتَّى تَجِيءَ، قَدْ عُرِضُوا فَأَبَوْا، قَالَ: فَذَهَبْتُ أَنَا فَاخْتَبَأْتُ، فَقَالَ: يَا غُنْثَرُ، فَجَدَّعَ وَسَبَّ، وَقَالَ: كُلُوا لاَ هَنِيئًا، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَطْعَمُهُ أَبَدًا، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ، مَا كُنَّا نَأْخُذُ مِنْ لُقْمَةٍ إِلَّا رَبَا مِنْ أَسْفَلِهَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا -قَالَ: يَعْنِي حَتَّى شَبِعُوا- وَصَارَتْ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا كَانَتْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَإِذَا هِيَ كَمَا هِيَ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ: يَا أُخْتَ بَنِي فِرَاسٍ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَتْ: لاَ وَقُرَّةِ عَيْنِي، لَهِيَ الآنَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِثَلاَثِ مَرَّاتٍ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ -يَعْنِي يَمِينَهُ- ثُمَّ أَكَلَ مِنْهَا لُقْمَةً، ثُمَّ حَمَلَهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَصْبَحَتْ عِنْدَهُ، وَكَانَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ قَوْمٍ عَقْدٌ، فَمَضَى الأَجَلُ، فَفَرَّقَنَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ أُنَاسٌ، اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ كَمْ مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ، فَأَكَلُوا مِنْهَا أَجْمَعُونَ، أَوْ كَمَا قَال. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. وَفِي رِوَايةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، بَرُّوا وَحَنِثْتُ، قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: «بَلْ أَنْتَ أَبَرُّهُمْ وَأَخْيَرُهُمْ»، قَالَ: وَلَمْ تَبْلُغْنِي كَفَّارَةٌ.
كنا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثلاثين ومائة
عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلاَثِينَ وَمِائَةً، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «هَلْ مَعَ أَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ طَعَامٌ؟»، فَإِذَا مَعَ رَجُلٍ صَاعٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ نَحْوُهُ، فَعُجِنَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مُشْرِكٌ مُشْعَانٌّ طَوِيلٌ، بِغَنَمٍ يَسُوقُهَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «بَيْعًا أَمْ عَطِيَّةً»، أَوْ قَالَ: «أَمْ هِبَةً؟»، قَالَ: لاَ، بَلْ بَيْعٌ، فَاشْتَرَى مِنْهُ شَاةً، فَصُنِعَتْ، وَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِسَوَادِ البَطْنِ أَنْ يُشْوَى، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ، مَا فِي الثَّلاَثِينَ وَالمِائَةِ إِلَّا قَدْ حَزَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ حُزَّةً مِنْ سَوَادِ بَطْنِهَا، إِنْ كَانَ شَاهِدًا أَعْطَاهَا إِيَّاهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا خَبَأَ لَهُ، فَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا قَصْعَتَيْنِ، فَأَكَلُوا أَجْمَعُونَ وَشَبِعْنَا، فَفَضَلَتِ القَصْعَتَانِ، فَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى البَعِيرِ، أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ.
A person from the Ansār declared that a slave of his would be free after he dies.
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man from the Ansār declared that a slave of his would be free after his death. Another version says that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was told that a man from his Companions declared that a slave of his would be free after his own death although he had no property other than him (this slave). So, the Prophet sold him for eight hundred dirhams and sent the money to him.
Sulaymān ibn Dawūd (Prophet Solomon) (peace be upon him) said: "I will indeed have sexual intercourse with seventy women at night, and each one of them will give birth to a child who will fight in the cause of Allah."
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Sulaymān ibn Dawūd (peace be upon him) said: 'I will indeed have sexual intercourse with seventy women at night, and each one of them will give birth to a child who will fight in the cause of Allah.' It was said to him: 'Say: Allah willing!' But he did not do so. He had intercourse with them all, but none of them gave birth, except for one woman who gave birth to half a person." Upon this, the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If he had said, 'Allah willing,' he would not have failed in his oath, and his desire would have been fulfilled."
Keep some of your wealth, for this is better for you
Ka‘b ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I would like to give all of my wealth as a charity for the sake of Allah and His Messenger to make my repentance fully approved." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep some of your wealth, for this is better for you."
Whoever frees his share of a common slave and he has sufficient money to free him completely, should let its price be estimated by a just man and give his partners the price of their shares and manumit the slave
‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever frees his share of a common slave and he has sufficient money to free him completely, should let its price be estimated by a just man and give his partners the price of their shares and manumit the slave; otherwise (i.e. if he has not sufficient money) he manumits the slave partially."
Whoever emancipates a share in a slave should completely emancipate him from his money, if he can afford it. Otherwise, a fair price should be set for the slave.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever emancipates a share in a slave should completely emancipate him from his money, if he can afford it. Otherwise, a fair price should be set for the slave, who will be required to work and pay for his freedom without being overburdened."
Three types of people will receive a double reward: a man from the People of the Book who believed in his Prophet and then believed in Muhammad, a slave who fulfilled his duties towards Allah and towards his masters, and a man who had a female slave and he taught her good manners, educated her well, then freed her and married her; he will receive a double reward
Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Three types of people will receive a double reward: a man from the People of the Book who believed in his Prophet and then believed in Muhammad, a slave who fulfilled his duties towards Allah and towards his masters, and a man who had a female slave and he taught her good manners, educated her well, then freed her and married her; he will receive a double reward."
Weigh, and add some more
Abu Safwān Suwayd ibn Qays (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Makhramah al-‘Abdi and I brought some linen garments from Hajar. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came to us and bargained with us for some pants. There was a man present who would weigh merchandise (in scales) for a wage. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Weigh, and add some more."
Well-done! That is a profitable deal! That is a profitable deal! I heard what you said: and I suggest that you give it to your nearest relatives
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) was the richest man among the Ansār in Madīnah, in terms of his ownership of date palms. And his most beloved property was (his date-palm garden known as) Bayrahā’. It was opposite the mosque, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) often entered it and drank from its fresh water. When this verse was revealed: {Never will you attain the good (reward) until you spend (in the way of Allah) from that which you love} [Sūrat Āl-‘Imrān: 92], Abu Talhah came to the Messenger of Allah and said: "O Messenger of Allah, Allah revealed to you {Never will you attain the good (reward) until you spend (in the way of Allah) from that which you love}, and my most beloved possession is Bayrahā’. I have given it in charity in the way of Allah, hoping to earn its reward from Him, so spend it, O Messenger of Allah, as Allah shows you." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Well-done! That is a profitable deal! That is a profitable deal! I heard what you said: and I suggest that you give it to your nearest relatives." So Abu Talhah said: "I shall do that, O Messenger of Allah", and he distributed it amongst his closest relatives and his paternal cousins.
ثلاثة لهم أجران
عن أبي موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه مرفوعاً: «ثلاثة لهم أجران: رجل من أهل الكتاب آمن بنبيه، وآمن بمحمد، والعبد المملوك إذا أدى حق الله، وحق مواليه، ورجل كانت له أمة فأدبها فأحسن تأديبها، وعلمها فأحسن تعليمها، ثم أعتقها فتزوجها؛ فله أجران».
A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with a woven mantle
Sahl ibn Sa‘d (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with a woven mantle and said: "I have woven it with my hands for you to wear." So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took it as he was in need of it. He came out to us wearing it as his lower garment. Someone said: "How beautiful! Give it to me to wear!" He answered: "Yes." Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sat there for some time. When he returned home, he folded it and sent it to the man. People said to him: "You have not done well by asking him for it when you know that he never turns down anybody's request and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) wore it for he was in need of it." He said: "By Allah, I did not ask him for it in order to wear it; I only asked him for it so that it would be my shroud." Sahl said: "And it was his shroud."
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited the selling and gifting of Walā'
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited the selling and gifting of Walā' (the right of a master to inherit from his freed slave by virtue of the bond of loyalty between them).
If you are left behind and do good deeds whereby you seek Allah's pleasure, you will be raised a degree and your status will be elevated on account of them. Perhaps you will be left behind so that some people may benefit by you and others may be harmed by you
Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came to visit me for an illness which became so hard to bear in the year of the Farewell Hajj. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, you can see the severity of the illness which I am experiencing. I have property and none will inherit me except a daughter. Shall I give two thirds of my property in charity?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'No.' I said: "Then shall I give one half, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: 'No.' Then I said: "So, (shall I give) one third?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(Give) one third, and one third is too much. Indeed, leaving your heirs rich is better than leaving them poor and begging from people. You never spend anything seeking thereby the pleasure of Allah but that you are rewarded for it, even what you place in the mouth of your wife." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, will I be left here in Makkah after my companions have departed for Madīnah?" He said: "If you are left behind and do good deeds whereby you seek Allah's pleasure, you will be raised a degree and your status will be elevated on account of them. Perhaps you will be left behind so that some people may benefit by you and others may be harmed by you. O Allah, complete for my Companions their Hijrah (immigration to Madīnah), and do not turn them back on their heels. The unfortunate one, however, is Sa‘d ibn Khawlah." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) felt sorry for him, as he had died at Makkah.
Do not go out to meet the riders (in a trade caravan), do not urge buyers to cancel a sale transaction to make a new one with you, do not bid against each other (to fool another bidder), a townsman must not buy on behalf of a Bedouin, and do not tie up the udders of camels and sheep
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not go out to meet the riders (in a trade caravan), do not urge buyers to cancel a sale transaction to make a new one with you, do not bid against each other (to fool another bidder), a townsman must not buy on behalf of a Bedouin, and do not tie up the udders of camels and sheep (so that they appear to have a lot of milk). However, if someone buys them while in this condition and has already milked them, then he has two options: If he is pleased with them, he may keep them, and if he is displeased with them, he may return them along with a Sā‘ of dates.”
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made an agreement with the people of Khaybar to work and cultivate in return for half of the fruits or crops produced
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) made an agreement with the people of Khaybar to work and cultivate in return for half of the fruits or crops produced.
When I asked Rāfi‘ ibn Khadīj about leasing land in return for gold and silver, he replied: There is no harm in it
Hanzhalah ibn Qays reported: When I asked Rāfi‘ ibn Khadīj about leasing land in return for gold and silver, he replied: "There is no harm in it. At the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) the people used to lease lands in return for the yield of what grows on the banks of large rivers and beginnings of water streams or the yield of certain parts of the land. Some of the harvest would be affected with blight and some would remain safe. This was the only system the people had for renting lands, and, thus, he forbade it. If the rent is something known and guaranteed, there is no harm in it."
The Messenger of Allah granted concession for the sale of Al-‘Arāyā (unpicked ripe dates for dry dates) when they are equal to or less than five Wasqs
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) granted concession for the sale of Al-‘Arāyā (unpicked ripe dates for dry dates) when they are equal to or less than five Wasqs (a standard measure).
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) granted concession to the owner of Al-‘Ariyyah (a dates palm) to sell its unpicked fruits for dry dates by estimation
Zayd ibn Thābit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) granted concession to the owner of Al-‘Ariyyah (a dates palm) to sell its unpicked fruits for dry dates by estimation. Another narration by Imām Muslim reads: "...for dry dates by estimation and the new owners might eat their dates fresh."
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the lost and picked up item whether it was of gold or silver, whereupon he said: Remember the description of its container and the string with which it is tied. Make a public announcement of it for one year. If nobody comes and claims it, then utilize the money but keep it as a trust with you. If its owner comes back one day seeking it, then return it to him
Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the lost and picked up item that is made of gold or silver, whereupon he said: "Remember the description of its container and the string with which it is tied. Make a public announcement of it for one year. If nobody comes and claims it, then utilize the money but keep it as a trust with you. If its owner comes back one day seeking it, then return it to him." Then, he asked him about the lost camel, whereupon the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is none of your concern. Leave it, for it has its feet and a water container (reservoir), and it will reach water and eat from the trees until its owner finds it." He then asked him about the lost sheep, whereupon he said: "Take it, for it is either for you, or for your brother, or for the wolf."
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) decreed that the lifelong gift is for the one to whom it was given
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) decreed that the lifelong gift is for the one to whom it was given. Another narration reads: “Whoever is given a lifelong gift in association with his offspring, it is indeed for him and his offspring. It does not return to the one who gave it, because he gave something that has become part of the inheritance.” Jābir said that the lifelong gift that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) ordained is the gift in which the granter says to the recipient: "This is for you and your offspring." However, if the granter says: "This is for you as long as you live, then it returns to its owner." In another narration reported by Imām Muslim, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Keep your wealth and do not spoil it. For indeed, whoever is given a lifelong gift, then it is for the one to whom it has been given and for his offspring, no matter he is alive or dead."
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) decreed for partners the right of preemption in property which had not been divided up. However, if the boundaries are demarcated, and the roads are fixed, then there will be no right of preemption
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) decreed for partners the right of preemption in property which had not been divided up. However, if the boundaries are demarcated, and the roads are fixed, then there will be no right of preemption."
Walā' is for the one who manumits
‘Ā’ishah bint Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: There were three Sunnahs established in connection with Barīrah: When she was manumitted from slavery, she was given the choice whether to remain with her husband or leave him. She was once given a gift of meat, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came in while the pot of meat was cooking on the fire. He asked for something to eat so he was brought some bread and condiments from the household stock. Thereupon he asked: "Didn't I see a pot of meat cooking on the fire?" They said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah. That meat was given as charity to Barīrah, and you do not eat from charity." He said: "It is charity to her, and it is a gift from her to us." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said with regards to her: "Walā' (allegiance/inheritance) is for the one who manumits."