Bequest
8 hadiths
It is not proper for a Muslim who has something to bequeath to stay for three nights without having his will written with him
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "It is not proper for a Muslim who has something to bequeath to stay for three nights without having his will written with him." ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said: "Since I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say this, not a single night has passed without my will being with me."
إن أبي مات وترك مالًا، ولم يوص، فهل يكفر عنه أن أتصدق عنه؟
عن أبي هريرة أن رجلًا قال للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن أبي مات وترك مالًا، ولم يوص، فهل يكفر عنه أن أتصدق عنه؟ قال: «نعم».
هل كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أوصى؟
عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: هَلْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْصَى؟ فَقَالَ: لاَ، فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الوَصِيَّةُ أَوْ أُمِرُوا بِالوَصِيَّةِ؟ قَالَ: أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ.
لو أن الناس غَضُّوا من الثلث إلى الربع
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ غَضُّوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «الثُّلُثُ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ».
أن رجلًا أعتق ستة مملوكين له عند موته، لم يكن له مال غيرهم
عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُمْ، فَدَعَا بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجَزَّأَهُمْ أَثْلَاثًا، ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ، وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً، وَقَالَ لَهُ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا. وَفِي رِوَايةٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَأَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ.
If you are left behind and do good deeds whereby you seek Allah's pleasure, you will be raised a degree and your status will be elevated on account of them. Perhaps you will be left behind so that some people may benefit by you and others may be harmed by you
Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came to visit me for an illness which became so hard to bear in the year of the Farewell Hajj. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, you can see the severity of the illness which I am experiencing. I have property and none will inherit me except a daughter. Shall I give two thirds of my property in charity?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'No.' I said: "Then shall I give one half, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: 'No.' Then I said: "So, (shall I give) one third?" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(Give) one third, and one third is too much. Indeed, leaving your heirs rich is better than leaving them poor and begging from people. You never spend anything seeking thereby the pleasure of Allah but that you are rewarded for it, even what you place in the mouth of your wife." I said: "O Messenger of Allah, will I be left here in Makkah after my companions have departed for Madīnah?" He said: "If you are left behind and do good deeds whereby you seek Allah's pleasure, you will be raised a degree and your status will be elevated on account of them. Perhaps you will be left behind so that some people may benefit by you and others may be harmed by you. O Allah, complete for my Companions their Hijrah (immigration to Madīnah), and do not turn them back on their heels. The unfortunate one, however, is Sa‘d ibn Khawlah." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) felt sorry for him, as he had died at Makkah.
Indeed, Allah has given everyone deserving a right his due right. So, there is no will for an inheritor. The child belongs to the bed, and the adulterer gets the stone. Whoever claims to belong to someone other than his father or (a freed slave) attributes himself to those other than his masters, spurning them, upon him will be the curse of Allah, and no obligatory or supererogatory act of worship will be accepted from him
‘Amr ibn Khārijah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon upon his she-camel, while I was under the front of her neck, and she was chewing her curd, with her saliva dripping between my shoulders. I heard him say: "Indeed, Allah has given everyone deserving a right his due right. So, there is no will for an inheritor. The child belongs to the bed, and the adulterer gets the stone. Whoever claims to belong to someone other than his father or (a freed slave) attributes himself to those other than his masters, spurning them, upon him will be the curse of Allah, and no obligatory or supererogatory act of worship will be accepted from him."
What made you come, Abu Hidhyam?
Hanzhalah ibn Hidhyam reported that his grandfather Haneefah said to Hidhyam: "Gather my children for me, because I want to leave a testament." When they were gathered, he said: "The first thing I bequeath is that this orphan of mine who is in my custody is entitled to one hundred camels, which were called Al-Mutayyabah (the good favored ones) in pre-Islamic times.'' Hidhyam said: "O my father, I heard your children say: 'We will approve of this during our father's life, but when he dies, we will recant it.'" He said: "So let the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) judge between me and you." Hidhyam said: "We accept that." So Hidhyam, Haneefah, and Hanzhalah along with a young boy who escorted Hidhyam set forth. When they came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) they greeted him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "What made you come, Abu Hidhyam?" He replied, having struck Hidhyam on the thigh: "I fear that old age or death will overtake me, so I wanted to make a bequest. I therefore said: 'The first thing I bequeath is that this orphan of mine who is in my custody is entitled to one hundred camels, which were called Al-Mutayyibah in pre-Islamic times.'" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) became so angry that we saw anger in his face. He was sitting, but he knelt down and said: "No, no, no! A charity should consist of five camels, or else ten, or else fifteen, or else twenty, or else twenty-five, or else thirty, or else thirty-five, or of a maximum of forty." They fared him well, and the orphan had a stick with him with which he was beating a camel. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) noted: "That is a too big a stick for an orphan." Hanzhalah said: "My father drew me closer to the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him and said: 'I have sons with beards, and others younger than them, and this one is the youngest. So pray for him.'" Therefore, he wiped his head and said: "May Allah bless you," or: "May he be blessed." Dhayyāl said: "I have seen Hanzhalah, and a man with a swollen face or a beast with a swollen udder would be brought to him. He would spit on his hands and say "Bismillāh" (in the name of Allah); put his hand on his head, where the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had placed his hand; and then wipe [the affected part] with it." Dhayyāl said: "The tumor would disappear."