Jurisprudence of Transactions
182 hadiths
Page 4 of 4
There is no orphanhood after reaching puberty, and there is no silence for the whole day till the night
‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no orphanhood after reaching puberty, and there is no silence for the whole day till the night."
Abu Bakr As-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) entered upon a woman from Ahmas tribe, called Zaynab, and he noticed that she was not speaking
Qays ibn Abi Hāzim reported: Abu Bakr As-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) entered upon a woman from Ahmas tribe, called Zaynab, and he noticed that she was not speaking, he asked: "Why is she not speaking?" They said: "She has intended to perform Hajj without speaking." He said to her: "Speak, for this is unlawful; it is a practice of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance." Thereupon, she spoke.
The faithful and diligent slave will receive a double reward
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The faithful and diligent slave will receive a double reward." Abu Hurayrah added: "By Him in Whose Hand the soul of Abu Hurayrah is, if it wasn’t for Jihad in the cause of Allah, and Hajj, and kindness to my mother, I would prefer to die as a slave."
A man from the Children of Israel asked another to lend him one thousand dinars
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned that a man from the Children of Israel asked another to lend him one thousand dinars. The man asked him to bring witnesses. The former replied: "Allah is sufficient as witness." The second said: "Bring me a surety." The former replied: "Allah is sufficient as surety." The man said: "You are right," and lent him the money for a certain period. The first man went across the sea. When he finished his job, he searched for a conveyance so that he might reach the other in time for the repayment of the debt, but he could not find any. So he took a piece of wood and made a hole in it, inserted one thousand dinars and a letter to the lender in it, and then firmly closed (i.e. sealed) the hole. He took the piece of wood to the sea and said: "O Allah, You know well that I took a loan of one thousand dinars from so-and-so. He demanded a surety from me, but I told him that Allah's guarantee was sufficient, and he accepted Your guarantee. He then asked for a witness, and I told him that Allah was sufficient as witness, and he accepted You as Witness. No doubt, I tried hard to find a conveyance so that I could give him his money, but I could not find any, so I hand over this money to You." Saying that, he threw the piece of wood into the sea till it went out far into it, and then he went away. Meanwhile, he started searching for a conveyance in order to reach the creditor's country. One day, the lender came out to see whether a ship had arrived bringing his money, when all of a sudden, he saw the piece of wood in which his money had been deposited. He took it home to use it for fire. When he sawed it, he found his money and the letter inside it. Shortly after that, the debtor came, bringing one thousand dinars to him, and he said: "By Allah, I had been trying hard to find a boat so that I could send you your money, but I failed to find one before the one I have come by." The lender asked: "Have you sent something to me?" The debtor replied: "I told you I could not find a boat other than the one I have come by." The lender said: "Allah has delivered the money which you sent in the piece of wood on your behalf. So you may keep your one thousand dinars and depart while being guided on the straight path."
Indeed, Allah has given everyone deserving a right his due right. So, there is no will for an inheritor. The child belongs to the bed, and the adulterer gets the stone. Whoever claims to belong to someone other than his father or (a freed slave) attributes himself to those other than his masters, spurning them, upon him will be the curse of Allah, and no obligatory or supererogatory act of worship will be accepted from him
‘Amr ibn Khārijah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon upon his she-camel, while I was under the front of her neck, and she was chewing her curd, with her saliva dripping between my shoulders. I heard him say: "Indeed, Allah has given everyone deserving a right his due right. So, there is no will for an inheritor. The child belongs to the bed, and the adulterer gets the stone. Whoever claims to belong to someone other than his father or (a freed slave) attributes himself to those other than his masters, spurning them, upon him will be the curse of Allah, and no obligatory or supererogatory act of worship will be accepted from him."
‘Ā'ishah's story with Ibn Az-Zubayr that involved a separation and a vow
‘Awf ibn Mālik – or ibn al-Hārith – ibn at-Tufayl reported: ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was told that ‘Abdullāh ibn Az-Zubayr, upon hearing that she was selling or giving something as a gift, said: "By Allah, if ‘Ā’ishah does not give this up, I will declare her incompetent to dispose of her wealth." She asked: "Did he say so?" They replied: ‘Yes.’ So she said: "I vow to Allah that I will never speak to Ibn Az-Zubayr." When this separation had lasted for a long time, Ibn Az-Zubayr sought to intercede with her, but she said: "By Allah, I will not accept the intercession of anyone for him and will not commit a sin by breaking my vow." As this state of affairs continued for long, Ibn Az-Zubayr was concerned and he approached Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn al-Aswad ibn ‘Abd Yaghūth and said to them: "I beseech you by Allah to help me to visit ‘Ā’ishah; it is unlawful for her to vow to sever ties with me." Al-Miswar and ‘Abdur-Rahmān took him to ‘Ā’ishah and asked for permission to enter her house, saying: "Peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you! May we come in?" She said: "Come in." They said: "All of us?" She said: "Yes, come in all of you," unaware that Ibn Az-Zubayr was with them. As they came in, Ibn Az-Zubayr entered the screened place and took hold of ‘Ā’ishah and was weeping and imploring her to forgive him. Al-Miswar and ‘Abdur-Rahmān also were begging her to speak to him and accept his apology. They said: "As you know, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade a Muslim from forsaking his fellow Muslim, and it is unlawful for a Muslim to do so for more than three days." As they continued to remind and press her, she began to weep and say: "I made a vow, and a vow is something grave." They persisted in their appeal until she talked to Ibn Az-Zubayr, and she freed forty slaves in expiation for her vow. Later, whenever she remembered this vow, she would weep profusely, wetting her veil.
I was one of seven sons of Muqarrin, and we had only one female servant. The youngest of us slapped her in the face, so the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to set her free
Abu ‘Ali Suwayd ibn Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was one of seven sons of Muqarrin, and we had only one female servant. The youngest of us slapped her in the face, so the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to set her free. Another narration reads: "I was one of seven siblings."
In prayer, nothing of people's ordinary speech is allowed. Only Tasbīh, Takbīr, and recitation of the Qur'an are allowed
Mu‘āwiyah ibn al-Hakam As-Sulami (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: While I was praying with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) a man sneezed, so I said: "May Allah have mercy upon you." People looked at me disapprovingly, so I said: "May my mother lose me, why do you stare at me?" They began to strike their thighs with their hands, and when I saw them urging me to be silent I said nothing. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) finished the prayer – and may my father and mother be sacrificed for him! I have never seen a mentor before him nor after him who gave better instruction than him. By Allah, he neither scolded me, nor beat me, nor insulted me, rather he said: ‘In prayer, nothing of people's ordinary speech is allowed. Only Tasbīh, Takbīr, and recitation of the Qur'an are allowed." Or he said something similar to that. Then I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have recently abandoned the beliefs of the pre-Islamic era, and Allah has brought Islam to us, and there are men among us who go to diviners." He said: "Do not go to them." I said: "There are men who believe in omens." He said: "That is something which they find in their hearts, but let it not prevent them (from doing whatever they intend to do) (Ibn As-Sabbāh said: let it not prevent you)." I said: "Among us are men who draw lines." He said: "There was a prophet who used to draw lines, so if their lines are as his, then that will be good." He (Mu‘āwiyah) added: "I had a bondmaid who tended sheep for me by the side of Uhud and Al-Jawwāniyyah. One day, I happened to pass that way and found that a wolf had snatched a ewe from her flock. As a normal human being, I got angry and gave her a slap. Then I came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who considered my act of slapping her grievous, so I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, should I emancipate her?' He said: 'Bring her to me.' So I brought her to him, and he said to her: 'Where is Allah?' She said: 'He is in the heaven.' He said: 'Who am I?' She said: 'You are the Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Set her free, for she is a believing woman.'"
What made you come, Abu Hidhyam?
Hanzhalah ibn Hidhyam reported that his grandfather Haneefah said to Hidhyam: "Gather my children for me, because I want to leave a testament." When they were gathered, he said: "The first thing I bequeath is that this orphan of mine who is in my custody is entitled to one hundred camels, which were called Al-Mutayyabah (the good favored ones) in pre-Islamic times.'' Hidhyam said: "O my father, I heard your children say: 'We will approve of this during our father's life, but when he dies, we will recant it.'" He said: "So let the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) judge between me and you." Hidhyam said: "We accept that." So Hidhyam, Haneefah, and Hanzhalah along with a young boy who escorted Hidhyam set forth. When they came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) they greeted him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "What made you come, Abu Hidhyam?" He replied, having struck Hidhyam on the thigh: "I fear that old age or death will overtake me, so I wanted to make a bequest. I therefore said: 'The first thing I bequeath is that this orphan of mine who is in my custody is entitled to one hundred camels, which were called Al-Mutayyibah in pre-Islamic times.'" The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) became so angry that we saw anger in his face. He was sitting, but he knelt down and said: "No, no, no! A charity should consist of five camels, or else ten, or else fifteen, or else twenty, or else twenty-five, or else thirty, or else thirty-five, or of a maximum of forty." They fared him well, and the orphan had a stick with him with which he was beating a camel. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) noted: "That is a too big a stick for an orphan." Hanzhalah said: "My father drew me closer to the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him and said: 'I have sons with beards, and others younger than them, and this one is the youngest. So pray for him.'" Therefore, he wiped his head and said: "May Allah bless you," or: "May he be blessed." Dhayyāl said: "I have seen Hanzhalah, and a man with a swollen face or a beast with a swollen udder would be brought to him. He would spit on his hands and say "Bismillāh" (in the name of Allah); put his hand on his head, where the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) had placed his hand; and then wipe [the affected part] with it." Dhayyāl said: "The tumor would disappear."
‘Īsa the Son of Maryam saw a person stealing. Thereupon, ‘Īsa said to him: Did you steal? He said: No, by the One besides Whom there is no god. So ‘Īsa said: I believed in Allah and disbelieved my eyes
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "‘Īsa the Son of Maryam saw a person stealing. Thereupon, ‘Īsa asked him: 'Did you steal?' He said: 'No, by the One besides Whom there is no god.' So ‘Īsa said: 'I believed in Allah and disbelieved my eyes (what my eyes saw).'
Loyalty is pledged to the one who did the favor
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) bought Barīrah from a household belonging to the Ansār, and they stipulated that they retain the ex-slave's allegiance. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allegiance is pledged to the one who did the favor (of setting the slave free)." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) also gave Barīrah the choice (either to retain her marriage or break it), as her husband was a slave. She gave some meat to ‘Ā’ishah as a gift, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I wish you could cook this meat for us." ‘Ā’ishah said: "It was given in charity to Barīrah." He said: "It was charity to her but a gift to us."
Among Allah's slaves, there are some who, if they take an oath by Allah (concerning something), Allah fulfills it
Anas reported that his aunt, Ar-Rubayyi‘, broke the incisor of a girl. The aunt's family requested the girl's relatives for pardon, but they refused, then they proposed a compensation, but they refused. Then they went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and refused everything except retribution. So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) judged that retribution be applied. Anas ibn An-Nadr said: "O Messenger of Allah, will the incisor of Ar-Rubayyi‘ be broken? No, by the One Who sent you with the Truth, her incisor will not be broken." Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Anas, the prescribed law of Allah is retribution." Thereupon, those people agreed on pardon. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Among Allah's slaves, there are some who, if they take an oath by Allah (concerning something), Allah fulfills it."
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would hold horse races and would prefer the stronger horses for the longer distances
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would hold horse races and would prefer the stronger horses for the longer distances.
If anyone gets possession of a relative who is within the prohibited degrees (of marriage), that person becomes free
Samurah reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If anyone gets possession of a relative who is within the prohibited degrees, that person becomes free."
Safīnah said: I was Umm Salāmah’s slave, and she said: I will free you on condition that you serve the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) for as long as you live
Safīnah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was Umm Salāmah’s slave, and she said: "I will free you on condition that you serve the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) for as long as you live." I replied: "Even if you do not make this a condition, I will never desert the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) for as long as I live." She manumitted me pursuant to this condition.
A slave who has entered into an agreement to purchase his freedom remains a slave as long as a dirham of the agreed price remains to be paid
‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb reported from his father from his grandfather that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A slave who has entered into an agreement to purchase his freedom remains a slave as long as a dirham of the agreed price remains to be paid."
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى عن التحلُّق قبل الصلاة يوم الجمعة
عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى عن الشراء والبيع في المسجد، وأن تُنشد فيه ضالَّةٌ، وأن ينشد فيه شعر، ونهى عن التحلُّق قبل الصلاة يوم الجمعة.
الوزن وزن أهل مكة، والمكيال مكيال أهل المدينة
عن ابن عمر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "الوزن وزن أهل مكة، والمكيال مكيال أهل المدينة".
ذروها ذميمة
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا كُنَّا فِي دَارٍ كَثِيرٌ فِيهَا عَدَدُنَا، وَكَثِيرٌ فِيهَا أَمْوَالُنَا، فَتَحَوَّلْنَا إِلَى دَارٍ أُخْرَى، فَقَلَّ فِيهَا عَدَدُنَا، وَقَلَّتْ فِيهَا أَمْوَالُنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «ذَرُوهَا ذَمِيمَةً».
إذا بايعتَ فقل لا خِلَابة
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: أَنَّ رَجُلًا ذَكَرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ يُخْدَعُ فِي البُيُوعِ، فَقَالَ: «إِذَا بَايَعْتَ فَقُلْ: لاَ خِلاَبَةَ».
المسلم أخو المسلم، ولا يحل لمسلم باع من أخيه بيعًا فيه عيبٌ إلا بيَّنه له
عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ، ولَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ بَاعَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ بَيْعًا فِيهِ عَيْبٌ إِلَّا بَيَّنَهُ لَهُ».
يا معشر التجار، إن البيع يحضره اللغو والحلف، فشوبوه بالصدقة
عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نُسَمَّى السَّمَاسِرَةَ، فَمَرَّ بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَمَّانَا بِاسْمٍ هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ، إِنَّ الْبَيْعَ يَحْضُرُهُ اللَّغْوُ وَالْحَلْفُ، فَشُوبُوهُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ».
من كانت له أرض فليزرعها أو ليمنحها، فإلم يفعل فليمسك أرضه
عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كَانُوا يَزْرَعُونَهَا بِالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالنِّصْفِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلْيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيَمْنَحْهَا، فَإِلَّمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلْيُمْسِكْ أَرْضَهُ».
أن رجلًا من كِلابٍ سأل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن عَسْب الفحل فنهاه
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ كِلاَبٍ سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ عَسْبِ الفَحْلِ؟ فَنَهَاهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّا نُطْرِقُ الفَحْلَ فَنُكْرَمُ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُ فِي الكَرَامَةِ.
لا تمنعوا فضل الماء لتمنعوا به فضل الكلإ
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لاَ تَمْنَعُوا فَضْلَ المَاءِ لِتَمْنَعُوا بِهِ فَضْلَ الكَلَإِ».
مَن شفع لأخيه شفاعةً فأهدى له هديةً عليها فقبلها فقد أتى بابًا عظيمًا من أبواب الربا
عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ شَفَعَ لِأَخِيهِ شَفَاعَةً فَأَهْدَى لَهُ هَدِيَّةً عَلَيْهَا فَقَبِلَهَا فَقَدْ أَتَى بَابًا عَظِيمًا مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا».
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل عن الرقاب أيها أفضل؟
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرِّقَابِ أَيُّهَا أَفْضَلُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَغْلَاهَا ثَمَنًا وَأَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا».
إن العبد إذا نصح لسيده، وأحسن عبادة الله، فله أجره مرتين
عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما مرفوعاً: «إن العبد إذا نصح لسيده، وأحسن عبادة الله، فله أجره مرتين». عن أبي موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه مرفوعاً: «المملوك الذي يحسن عبادة ربه، ويُؤدي إلى سيده الذي عليه من الحق، والنصيحة، والطاعة، له أجران».
إن الله ينهاكم أن تحلفوا بآبائكم
«إنَّ الله يَنْهَاكُمْ أَن تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكم». وَلمسلم: «فَمَن كان حَالِفا فَلْيَحْلِف بِالله أو لِيَصْمُت». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ عُمَرُ -رضي الله عنه- قال: «فَوَالله ما حَلَفْتُ بِهَا منذ سَمِعْت رَسُولَ الله يَنْهَى عَنْهَا، ذَاكراً وَلا آثِراً».
Whoever seizes the right of a Muslim person by his oath, Allah will condemn him to Hellfire and will make Paradise forbidden for him." A man said to him: Even if it is something insignificant, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "Even if it is a twig of Arāk
Abu ’Umāmah Iyās ibn Tha‘labah al-Hārithi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever seizes the right of a Muslim person by his oath, Allah will condemn him to Hellfire and will make Paradise forbidden for him." A man said to him: Even if it is something insignificant, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "Even if it is a twig of Arāk."
By Allah, he does not believe. By Allah, he does not believe. By Allah, he does not believe." It was said: Who, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "The one whose neighbor is not safe from his evils
Abu Shurayh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah, he does not believe. By Allah, he does not believe. By Allah, he does not believe." It was said: Who, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "The one whose neighbor is not safe from his evils."
Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt, like for like, equal for equal, hand to hand. If these classes differ, sell as you wish if it is hand to hand
‘Ubādah ibn as-Sāmit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, and salt for salt, like for like, equal for equal, hand to hand. If these classes differ, sell as you wish if it is hand to hand."