Oath of Condemnation
13 hadiths
Anyone falsely claims to be the son of other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden to enter Paradise
Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Anyone falsely claims to be the son of other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden to enter Paradise."
Do not disown your fathers. Whoever disowns his father has disbelieved
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported directly from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: “Do not disown your fathers. Whoever disowns his father has disbelieved.”
لا دِعوةَ في الإسلامِ، ذهب أمرُ الجاهليةِ، الولدُ لِلفراش وللعاهِرِ الحجَرُ
عَن عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ عَمْرِو بنِ العَاصِ قَالَ: قَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ فُلَانًا ابْنِي، عَاهَرْتُ بِأُمِّهِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا دِعْوَةَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، ذَهَبَ أَمْرُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ».
"My wife has given birth to a black boy." The Prophet asked him: "Do you have camels?" He replied: 'Yes.' The Prophet asked: "What color are they?" He replied: 'Red.' The Prophet asked: "Is any of them gray?" He replied: 'Yes.' The Prophet asked: "From where did that grayness come?" He said: "It might have inherited it from its ancestors." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Perhaps this son of yours (also) inherited it (this color) from his ancestors."
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a Bedouin man came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "My wife has given birth to a black boy." The Prophet asked him: "Do you have camels?" He replied: 'Yes.' The Prophet asked: "What color are they?" He replied: 'Red.' The Prophet asked: "Is any of them gray?" He replied: 'Yes.' The Prophet asked: "From where did that grayness come?" He said: "It might have inherited it from its ancestors." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Perhaps this son of yours (also) inherited it (this color) from his ancestors."
Have you not known that Mujazziz has recently looked at Zayd ibn Hārithah and Usāmah ibn Zayd and said: Indeed, these feet are related to one another?
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon me with his face shining with delight and said: "Have you not known that Mujazziz has recently looked at Zayd ibn Hārithah and Usāmah ibn Zayd and said: 'Indeed, these feet are related to one another?'" Another wording of the Hadīth adds: “Mujazziz was a lineage tracker.”
During the Prophet's lifetime, a man accused his wife of adultery and disclaimed her child. So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them both to swear the oath of condemnation against each other, as Allah, the Almighty, instructed, and they did. Then he decided that the child should be with the woman and separated them
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: During the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be up on him), a man accused his wife of adultery and disclaimed her child. So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them both to swear the oath of condemnation against each other, as Allah, the Almighty, instructed, and they did. Then he decided that the child should be with the woman and separated them (the man and woman).
You have no right over her. The man said: O Messenger of Allah, what about my money? The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: You have no right to get back your money. If you have told the truth about her, then your money was in return for the sexual intercourse you lawfully had with her; and if you have told a lie about her, then you are less rightful to get your money back
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: So-and-so came and asked: "O Messenger of Allah, if one of us finds his wife committing adultery: what should he do? If he were to speak, his statement would be a horrible matter, and if he were to remain silent, his silence about the matter would be horrible too." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent. After some time, the man came back to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "I have become afflicted by the very thing I asked you about." Then Allah, the Exalted, revealed these verses of Sūrat An-Nūr (which begins with): {And those who accuse their wives} [Sūrat- An-Nūr: 6]. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) recited them to him. Then he admonished him, exhorted him, and informed him that the torment of this world is less painful than the torment of the Hereafter. The man said: "No, by the One Who sent you with the Truth, I did not tell a lie against her." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then called the wife and admonished her, exhorted her, and informed her that the torment of this world is less painful than the torment of the Hereafter. She said: "No, by the One Who sent you with the Truth, he is a liar." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) started with the man, who testified in the name of Allah four times that he was truthful, and the fifth time, he said: "Let Allah's curse fall upon me if I am a liar." Then the woman was summoned, and she testified four times by the name of Allah that her husband was among the liars, and the fifth time, she said: "Let the anger of Allah fall upon me if he is truthful." Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) separated them and said: "Indeed, Allah knows that one of you is a liar, so would any of you repent?" He said this statement thrice. According to another wording of the Hadīth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have no right over her." The man said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about my money?" The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have no right to get back your money. If you have told the truth about her, then your money was in return for the sexual intercourse which you lawfully had with her, and if you have told a lie about her, then you are less rightful to get your money back."
The child is for the owner of the bed, and the stone is for the one who commits illegal sexual intercourse
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqās and ‘Abd ibn Zam‘ah disputed over (the lineage of) a boy. Sa‘d said: "O Messenger of Allah, this is the son of my brother ‘Utbah ibn Abi Waqqās. He entrusted him to me saying that he was his own son. Just look at him and see how he resembles him." ‘Abd ibn Zam‘ah said: "O Messenger of Allah, he is my brother, as he was born on the bed of my father from his slave girl." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) looked at the boy and saw that he clearly resembled ‘Utbah. Thereupon, he said: "He is yours, O ‘Abd ibn Zam‘ah. The child belongs to the owner of the bed, and the stone is for the one who commits illegal sexual intercourse. O Sawdah, cover yourself from him." So, that boy never saw Sawdah uncovered.
Watch her, if she gives birth to a white-complexioned child having straight hair and sore eyes, he is the son of Hilāl ibn Umayyah, but if she gives birth to a child with eyes that appear to have antimony in them, curly hair, and thin shanks, then he is the son of Sharīk ibn Sahmā'
Hilāl ibn Umayyah accused his wife of committing adultery with Sharīk ibn Sahmā', the brother of Al-Barā ibn Mālik from the side of his mother. He was the first man who practiced Li‘ān in Islam. He swore oaths of Li‘ān against his wife, so the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Watch her, if she gives birth to a white-complexioned child having straight hair and sore eyes, he is the son of Hilāl ibn Umayyah, but if she gives birth to a child with eyes that appear to have antimony in them, curly hair, and thin shanks, then he is the son of Sharīk ibn Sahmā'." He (the narrator) said: "I was informed that she gave birth to a child having eyes that appear to have antimony in them, curly hair, and thin shanks."
‘Uwaymir al-‘Ajlāni went to ‘Āsim ibn ‘Adyy al-Ansāri and asked: O ‘Āsim, tell me, if a man sees his wife (sleeping) with another man, should he kill him, whereupon you will kill him (in retribution), or what should he do? O ‘Āsim, ask the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about that
Ibn Shihāb reported that Sahl ibn Sa‘d As-Sā‘idi (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "‘Uwaymir al-‘Ajlāni went to ‘Āsim ibn ‘Adiyy al-Ansāri and asked: ‘O ‘Āsim, tell me, if a man sees his wife (sleeping) with another man, should he kill him, whereupon you will kill him (in retribution), or what should he do? O ‘Āsim, ask the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about that.' ‘Āsim asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about that, but the Prophet disliked the question and considered it disgraceful, which upset ‘Āsim. When he returned to his family, ‘Uwaymir went to him and said: ‘O ‘Āsim, what did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say to you?’ ‘Āsim replied: ‘You did not bring me any good. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) disliked the question which I asked him.’ Thereupon, ‘Uwaymir said: ‘By Allah! I will not stop until I ask him about that.’ So, he went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) while he was amongst people, and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, if a man finds another man (sleeping) with his wife, should he kill him, whereupon you will kill him (in retribution), or what should he do?’ The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Something has been revealed concerning you and your wife. So, go and bring her.’” Sahl said: "They both engaged in Li‘ān and I witnessed it along with the people in the Prophet’s presence. When they were done, ‘Uwaymir said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, If I kept her as a wife, It would mean that I fabricated a lie against her then.’ So, he pronounced divorce against her three times before the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to do so.'” Ibn Shihāb added: “So it became a tradition to dissolve the marriage of those spouses who are involved in a case of Li‘ān.”
If a man acknowledges his paternity of a child (even) for a moment, he has no right to deny it (later)
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If a man acknowledges his paternity of a child (even) for a moment, he has no right to deny it (later)."
I went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with my father. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked my father: Is this your son? He replied: Yes, by the Lord of the Ka‘bah
Abu Rimthah reported: I went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with my father. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then asked my father: "Is this your son?" He replied: "Yes, by the Lord of the Ka‘bah." He again said: "Is it true?" He said: "I bear witness to it." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then smiled due to my resemblance with my father and because my father took an oath that I was his son. He then said: "Indeed, He will not bear your faults (sins), and you will not bear his." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) recited the verse: {And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another.} [Sūrat al-An‘ām: 164]
Hilāl ibn Umayyah went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and accused his wife of committing illegal sexual intercourse with Sharīk ibn Sahmā'. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: Either you provide proof, or you will receive the legal punishment on your back
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Hilāl ibn Umayyah went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and accused his wife of committing illegal sexual intercourse with Sharīk ibn Sahmā'. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Either you provide proof, or you will receive the legal punishment on your back." Hilāl said: "O Messenger of Allah, if one of us saw a man on top of his wife, should he go and look for witnesses?" The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) kept saying: "Either you provide proof, or you will receive the legal punishment on your back." Hilāl then said: "By the One Who sent you with the Truth, I am truthful, and Allah will reveal to you what will save my back from the legal punishment." Then (the following) was revealed: {And for those who accuse their wives...} [Sūrat An-Nūr: 24:6] He kept reciting until he reached: {...if he was of the truthful.} [ Sūrat An-Nūr: 24:9]. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) left and had her summoned. So Hilāl came and took an oath. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: "Allah knows that one of you is a liar, so, will either of you repent?" Then the woman got up and took the oaths, and when she was about to take the fifth one, the people stopped her and said to her: "It will definitely bring about Allah's curse upon you (if you are guilty)." So she hesitated and recoiled so much that we thought that she would withdraw her denial. But she said: "I will not dishonor my family for the rest of their days." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then said: "Watch her, if she delivers a child with eyes that appear to have kohl on them, big bottoms, and fat shins, then it is Sharīk ibn Sahmā's child." (Later) she gave birth to a child fitting that description. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If it had not been settled in the Book of Allah, there would have been a matter between me and her."