Rulings and Issues of Jihad
54 hadiths
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"He is in Hellfire." The people then went to look at him and found in his place a cloak which he had stolen from the war booty
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: There was a man who looked after the family and the belongings of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him); he was called Karkara. The man died and the Prophet said: "He is in Hellfire." The people then went to look at him and found in his place a cloak which he had stolen from the war booty.
Whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) appointed a man to lead an army or a military detachment, he would advise him to fear Allah and treat well those Muslims who are with him
Buraydah ibn al-Husayb al-Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Whenever the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) appointed a man to lead an army or a military detachment, he would advise him to fear Allah and treat well those Muslims who are with him. He would say: "Fight in the name of Allah and in the cause of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Fight, but do not steal from the spoils of war, do not be treacherous, do not mutilate, and do not kill children. When you meet your enemy from among the polytheists, call them to one of three things. Whichever of them they respond to, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. Invite them to accept Islam, and if they respond, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. Then invite them to leave their land and move to the land of the Emigrants (Madīnah). Tell them that if they do so, they will have the same rights and duties as the Emigrants. If they refuse to move, tell them they will be like the Muslim Bedouins, subject to the rulings of Allah, and they will have no share in war booty or spoils of war, unless they fight alongside the Muslims. If they refuse to enter Islam, ask them to pay the Jjizyah (poll tax paid by non-Muslims). If they do so, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. But if they refuse, seek the help of Allah against them and fight them. If you besiege a group and they want you to give them the covenant of Allah and His Prophet, do not give them the covenant of Allah and His Prophet, instead give them your own covenant and the covenant of your companions, for if you violate your covenant and the covenant of your companions, that is easier than violating the covenant of Allah and the covenants of His Prophet. If you besiege a group of people and they want you to apply the judgment of Allah upon them, do not offer them that, but rather offer them your own judgment, because you do not know whether you would apply correctly the judgment of Allah upon them."
Whoever learned archery then forsook it, is not one of us, or he said: he has indeed disobeyed
‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever learned archery then forsook it, is not one of us, or he said: he has indeed disobeyed."
Whoever is killed in defense of his wealth is a martyr. Whoever is killed in defense of his family, himself, or his religion is a martyr
Sa‘īd ibn Zayd reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever is killed in defense of his wealth is a martyr. Whoever is killed in defense of his family, himself, or his religion is a martyr."
I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from the Arabian Peninsula until only Muslims are left in it
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) say: "I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from the Arabian Peninsula until only Muslims are left in it."
Indeed, power is in shooting. Indeed, power is in shooting. Indeed, power is in shooting
‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say on the pulpit: {And prepare against them whatever you are able of power} [Sūrat al-Anfāl: 60]ز Indeed, power is in shooting. Indeed, power is in shooting. Indeed, power is in shooting."
فكيف تصنع بلا إله إلا الله إذا جاءت يوم القيامة
عَنْ جُنْدَبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ أَنَّهُ بَعَثَ إِلَى عَسْعَسِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ زَمَنَ فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ: اجْمَعْ لِي نَفَرًا مِنْ إِخْوَانِكَ حَتَّى أُحَدِّثَهُمْ، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولًا إِلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا جَاءَ جُنْدَبٌ وَعَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسٌ أَصْفَرُ، فَقَالَ: تَحَدَّثُوا بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَحَدَّثُونَ بِهِ حَتَّى دَارَ الْحَدِيثُ، فَلَمَّا دَارَ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَيْهِ حَسَرَ الْبُرْنُسَ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَتَيْتُكُمْ وَلَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخْبِرَكُمْ عَنْ نَبِيِّكُمْ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ بَعْثًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَإِنَّهُمُ الْتَقَوْا فَكَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِذَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَقْصِدَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَصَدَ لَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَإِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَصَدَ غَفْلَتَهُ، قَالَ: وَكُنَّا نُحَدَّثُ أَنَّهُ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيْفَ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَجَاءَ الْبَشِيرُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، حَتَّى أَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَ الرَّجُلِ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ، فَدَعَاهُ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ: «لِمَ قَتَلْتَهُ؟» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَوْجَعَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَتَلَ فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا، وَسَمَّى لَهُ نَفَرًا، وَإِنِّي حَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى السَّيْفَ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَقَتَلْتَهُ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «فَكَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ إِذَا جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، اسْتَغْفِرْ لِي، قَالَ: «وَكَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ إِذَا جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟» قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ لَا يَزِيدُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَقُولَ: «كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ إِذَا جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ».
A spy from among the polytheists came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was on a journey.
Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "A spy from among the polytheists came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) while he was on a journey. The spy stayed with the Prophet's Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and talked to them, and then he left. Thereupon, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Go in pursuit of him and kill him.' I killed him, and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave me his belongings (as an extra share)." According to another Hadīth, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who killed the spy?" They (the Companions) said: "Ibn al-Akwa‘." He said: "All the belongings of the killed man are for him (Salamah)."
Whoever kills someone in battle, having a proof for that, his belongings are his.
Abu Qatādah al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We went out with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to Hunayn. He narrated a story. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills someone in battle, having a proof for that, his belongings are his." He said it three times.
Practice archery, O progeny of Isma‘īl; your forefather was an archer
Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a group of people practicing archery and said: "Practice archery, O progeny of Isma‘īl; your forefather was an archer."
May Allah have mercy upon Mūsa! He was hurt more than this but remained patient
‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: On the day of Hunayn, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) favored some people in the distribution of spoils. He gave Al-Aqra‘ ibn Hābis one hundred camels and gave ‘Uyaynah ibn Hisn the same. On that day, he gave to some of the nobles of the Arabs, favoring them over others in the distribution of spoils. A man said: "By Allah! This is distribution in which justice is not observed, and it is not intended for pleasing Allah." I said to myself: "By Allah! I will inform the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) of this." I went to him and informed him of what the man had said. The color of his face changed as if it was dyed in red, and he said: "Who will observe justice if Allah and His Messenger do not?" Then he said: "May Allah have mercy upon Mūsa! He was hurt more than this but he remained patient." Having heard this I said to myself: "Surely, I shall never convey any speech of this kind to him any more."
Nay, I saw him in the Fire because of a mantle – or a cloak – that he had taken without right (from the war spoils)
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: "On the Day (of the battle) of Khaybar, some of the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) came and remarked: So-and-so is a martyr and so-and-so is a martyr. When they came to a man and said: So-and-so is a martyr, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Nay, I saw him in the Fire because of a mantle – or a cloak – that he had taken without right (from the war spoils)."
O people of the Ansār, did I not find you in a state of misguidance then Allah guided you aright through me? Were you not divided then Allah brought you together through me? Were you not in a state of poverty then Allah made you wealthy through me?
‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd ibn ‘Āsim (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When Allah gave war booty to His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the Day of Hunayn, he distributed the booty among the people, and among those whose hearts had been recently reconciled to Islam. He did not give anything to the Ansār. It seemed that they felt uneasy that they did not receive a share like the others. Upon this, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) addressed them saying: "O people of the Ansār, did I not find you in a state of misguidance then Allah guided you aright through me? Were you not in a state of disunity then Allah brought you together through me? Were you not in a state of poverty then Allah made you wealthy through me?" Every time he said something, they replied: "Allah and His Messenger are the most benevolent." Then he asked: "Why do you not answer me?" They said: "Allah and His Messenger are the most benevolent." He said: "If you wish, you may say 'you came to us in such-and-such a state.' Would you not be satisfied that the people go away with goats and camels and you go away with the Messenger of Allah to your homes? Were it not for Hijrah, I would have been a man from the Ansār. If the people were to tread a valley or a mountain pass, I would tread the valley and mountain pass of the Ansār. The Ansār are like Shi‘ār (inner garments), while other people are like Dithār (outer garments). No doubt, you will see people favored over you after me (in getting worldly benefits). So be patient until you meet me at the Basin)."
War is deception
Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "War is deception."
No invading group or detachment sets out to fight in the cause of Allah and gets its share of the booty and returns safe and sound, but it has been given two-thirds of its reward in this world. On the other hand, no invading group or detachment returns defeated and injured but it will receive its full reward in the Hereafter
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “No invading group or detachment sets out to fight in the cause of Allah and gets its share of the booty and returns safe and sound, but it has been given two-thirds of its reward in this world. On the other hand, no invading group or detachment returns defeated and injured but it will receive its full reward in the Hereafter.”
The sanctity of the wives of the Mujāhids for those who stay behind is like the sanctity of their own mothers
Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The sanctity of the wives of the Mujāhids for those who stay behind is like the sanctity of their own mothers. Any man, of those who stay behind, who looks after the family of a Mujāhid and betrays his trust will be made to stand on the Day of Judgment before the Mujāhid who will take away from his good deeds as much as he likes until he is satisfied." Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) turned to us and asked: "So what do you think (will he leave anything)?”
We got some food on the Day of Khaybar. A man would come and take the amount he needed from it then go away
It was reported about ‘Abdullāh ibn Abi Awfa that he was asked (by Muhammad ibn Abi Mujāhid): "Were you people setting aside one-fifth of the spoils of war – meaning the food – during the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)?" He replied: "We got some food on the Day of Khaybar. A man would come and take the amount he needed from it then go away."
منعت العراق درهمها وقفيزها
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنَعَتِ الْعِرَاقُ دِرْهَمَهَا وَقَفِيزَهَا، وَمَنَعَتِ الشَّأْمُ مُدْيَهَا وَدِينَارَهَا، وَمَنَعَتْ مِصْرُ إِرْدَبَّهَا وَدِينَارَهَا، وَعُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ، وَعُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ، وَعُدْتُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَدَأْتُمْ» شَهِدَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لَحْمُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَدَمُهُ.
يا أيها الناس إنكم لتأوَّلون هذه الآية هذا التأويل وإنما أنزلت هذه الآية فينا معشر الأنصار
عن أسلم أبي عمران التجيبي، قال: كنا بمدينة الروم، فأخرجوا إلينا صفا عظيما من الروم، فخرج إليهم من المسلمين مثلهم أو أكثر، وعلى أهل مصر عقبة بن عامر، وعلى الجماعة فضالة بن عبيد، فحمل رجل من المسلمين على صف الروم حتى دخل فيهم، فصاح الناس وقالوا: سبحان الله يلقي بيديه إلى التهلكة. فقام أبو أيوب الأنصاري فقال: يا أيها الناس إنكم لتأوَّلون هذه الآية هذا التأويل، وإنما أنزلت هذه الآية فينا معشر الأنصار لما أعز الله الإسلام وكثر ناصروه، فقال بعضنا لبعض سرا دون رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن أموالنا قد ضاعت، وإن الله قد أعز الإسلام وكثر ناصروه، فلو أقمنا في أموالنا، فأصلحنا ما ضاع منها. فأنزل الله تعالى على نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم يرد علينا ما قلنا: {وأنفقوا في سبيل الله ولا تلقوا بأيديكم إلى التهلكة}، فكانت التهلكة الإقامة على الأموال وإصلاحها، وتركنا الغزو فما زال أبو أيوب، شاخصا في سبيل الله حتى دفن بأرض الروم.
يا رسول الله، لو أستطيع الجهاد لجاهدت
عن زيد بن ثابت أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أملى عليه: {لا يستوي القاعدون من المؤمنين} {والمجاهدون في سبيل الله} [النساء: 95] " قال: فجاءه ابن أم مكتوم وهو يُمِلُّها عليَّ، فقال: يا رسول الله، لو أستطيع الجهاد لجاهدت -وكان رجلًا أعمى- فأنزل الله تبارك وتعالى على رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وفخذه على فخذي، فثقلت علي حتى خفت أن تَرُضَّ فخذي، ثم سُرِّيَ عنه، فأنزل الله عز وجل: {غير أولي الضرر} [النساء: 95].
من فعل كذا وكذا فله من النفل كذا وكذا
عن ابن عباس قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم بدر: "من فعل كذا وكذا فله من النفل كذا وكذا" قال: فتقدم الفتيان ولزم المشيخة الرايات فلم يبرحوها، فلما فتح الله عليهم، قال المَشْيَخة: كنا رِدْءًا لكم، لو انهزمتم لَفِئْتُم إلينا، فلا تذهبوا بالمغنم ونبقى، فأبى الفتيان وقالوا: جعله رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لنا، فأنزل الله عز وجل: {يسألونك عن الأنفال قل الأنفال لله والرسول} [الأنفال: 1] إلى قوله: {كما أخرجك ربك من بيتك بالحق وإن فريقا من المؤمنين لكارهون} [الأنفال: 5] يقول: فكان ذلك خيرًا لهم، فكذلك أيضًا، فأطيعوني، فإني أعلم بعاقبة هذا منكم.
من أراد أهل هذه البلدة بسوء أذابه الله كما يذوب الملح في الماء
عن أبي هريرة أنه قال: قال أبو القاسم صلى الله عليه وسلم: «من أراد أهل هذه البلدة بسوء -يعني المدينة- أذابه الله كما يذوب الملح في الماء».
أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أغار على بني المصطلق وهم غارُّون
عن ابن عون قال: كتبت إلى نافع فكتب إليَّ إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أغار على بني المصطلق وهم غارُّون، وأنعامهم تُسْقى على الماء، فقتل مُقاتِلَتَهم، وسبى ذراريهم، وأصاب يومئذٍ جُوَيْرِيَةَ، حدثني به عبد الله بن عمر، وكان في ذلك الجيش.
أخذ الراية زيد فأصيب، ثم أخذها جعفر فأصيب، ثم أخذها عبد الله بن رواحة فأصيب، ثم أخذها خالد بن الوليد عن غير إمرة ففتح عليه
عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه، قال: خطب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: «أخذ الراية زيد فأصيب، ثم أخذها جعفر فأصيب، ثم أخذها عبد الله بن رواحة فأصيب، ثم أخذها خالد بن الوليد عن غير إمرة ففُتح عليه، وما يسرني -أو قال: ما يسرهم- أنهم عندنا»، وقال: وإن عينيه لتَذْرِفان. وفي رواية: «حتى أخذ الراية سيف من سيوف الله، حتى فتح الله عليهم».
إن تَطعَنوا في إمارته فقد كنتم تَطْعَنُون في إمارة أبيه من قبل، وايم الله إن كان لَخِليقًا للإمارة
عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: بَعَثَ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بعثًا، وأمَّرَ عليهم أسامةَ بنَ زيد، فطَعَنَ بعضُ الناس في إمارته، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إن تَطعَنوا في إمارته فقد كنتم تَطْعَنُون في إمارة أبيه من قبل، وايم الله إن كان لَخِليقًا للإمارة، وإن كان لمن أحب الناس إليَّ، وإن هذا لمن أحب الناس إليَّ بعده».
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يُغِيْر إذا طلع الفجر
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُغِيرُ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ، وَكَانَ يَسْتَمِعُ الْأَذَانَ، فَإِنْ سَمِعَ أَذَانًا أَمْسَكَ وَإِلَّا أَغَارَ فَسَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ: اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «خَرَجْتَ مِنَ النَّارِ» فَنَظَرُوا فَإِذَا هُوَ رَاعِي مِعْزًى.
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never fought any people until he had first invited them (to Islam)
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never fought any people until he had first invited them (to Islam).
هم منهم
عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ قَالَ: مَرَّ بِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالأَبْوَاءِ، أَوْ بِوَدَّانَ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ يُبَيَّتُونَ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ، فَيُصَابُ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيِّهِمْ، قَالَ: «هُمْ مِنْهُمْ».
أما والله لولا أن الرسل لا تقتل لضربت أعناقكما
عَنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَهُمَا حِينَ قَرَأَ كِتَابَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ: «مَا تَقُولَانِ أَنْتُمَا؟» قَالَا: نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ. قَالَ: «أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنَّ الرُّسُلَ لَا تُقْتَلُ لَضَرَبْتُ أَعْنَاقَكُمَا».
كنا نغزو مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فنصيب من آنية المشركين وأسقيتهم
عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا نَغْزُو مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنُصِيبُ مِنْ آنِيَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَسْقِيَتِهِمْ، فَنَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا، فَلَا يَعِيبُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ.
لما فرغ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من حُنين بعث أبا عامر على جيش إلى أوطاس
عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: لَمَّا فَرَغَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ حُنَيْنٍ بَعَثَ أَبَا عَامِرٍ عَلَى جَيْشٍ إِلَى أَوْطَاسٍ، فَلَقِيَ دُرَيْدَ بْنَ الصِّمَّةِ، فَقُتِلَ دُرَيْدٌ وَهَزَمَ اللهُ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: وَبَعَثَنِي مَعَ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: فَرُمِيَ أَبُو عَامِرٍ فِي رُكْبَتِهِ، رَمَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي جُشَمٍ بِسَهْمٍ، فَأَثْبَتَهُ فِي رُكْبَتِهِ، فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا عَمِّ مَنْ رَمَاكَ؟ فَأَشَارَ أَبُو عَامِرٍ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ذَاكَ قَاتِلِي، تَرَاهُ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي رَمَانِي، قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: فَقَصَدْتُ لَهُ فَاعْتَمَدْتُهُ فَلَحِقْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي وَلَّى عَنِّي ذَاهِبًا، فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ وَجَعَلْتُ أَقُولُ لَهُ: أَلَا تَسْتَحْيِي؟ أَلَسْتَ عَرَبِيًّا؟ أَلَا تَثْبُتُ؟ فَكَفَّ، فَالْتَقَيْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ، فَاخْتَلَفْنَا أَنَا وَهُوَ ضَرْبَتَيْنِ، فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَامِرٍ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ قَتَلَ صَاحِبَكَ، قَالَ: فَانْزِعْ هَذَا السَّهْمَ، فَنَزَعْتُهُ فَنَزَا مِنْهُ الْمَاءُ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، انْطَلِقْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَقْرِئْهُ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ، وَقُلْ لَهُ: يَقُولُ لَكَ أَبُو عَامِرٍ: اسْتَغْفِرْ لِي، قَالَ: وَاسْتَعْمَلَنِي أَبُو عَامِرٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَمَكَثَ يَسِيرًا ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ مَاتَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتٍ عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مُرْمَلٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ فِرَاشٌ، وَقَدْ أَثَّرَ رِمَالُ السَّرِيرِ بِظَهْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَجَنْبَيْهِ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِخَبَرِنَا وَخَبَرِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: قَالَ: قُلْ لَهُ: يَسْتَغْفِرْ لِي، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَاءٍ، فَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِعُبَيْدٍ أَبِي عَامِرٍ» حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَوْقَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ، أَوْ مِنَ النَّاسِ» فَقُلْتُ: وَلِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَاسْتَغْفِرْ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ذَنْبَهُ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُدْخَلًا كَرِيمًا»، قَالَ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ: إِحَدَاهُمَا لِأَبِي عَامِرٍ، وَالْأُخْرَى لِأَبِي مُوسَى.
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) arranged for a horse race among the horses that had been especially prepared for that purpose to take place between Al-Hafyā' and Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘.
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) arranged for a horse race among the horses that had been especially prepared for that purpose to take place between Al-Hafyā' and Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘, and for the horses which had not been prepared from Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘ to the mosque of Banu Zurayq. Ibn ‘Umar said: "I was one of those who took part in that horse race." Sufyān, a sub-narrator, said: "The distance between Al-Hafyā' and Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘ is five or six miles, and between Thaniyyat al-Wadā‘ and the mosque of Banu Zurayq, there is one mile."
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils, allotting two shares to the horse and one share to the man.
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils, allotting two shares to the horse and one share to the man.
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to grant some of those whom he sent in a detachment a special share of the war booty, apart from other members of the army.
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to grant some of those whom he sent in a detachment a special share of the war booty, beyond what he would grant members of the army in general.
The property of Banu An-Nadīr was among what Allah, the Almighty, bestowed upon His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) as spoils and for which the Muslims did not have to fight, neither on horses nor on camels.
‘Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The property of Banu An-Nadīr was among what Allah, the Almighty, bestowed upon His Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) as spoils for which the Muslims did not have to fight, neither on horses nor on camels. It belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). So, he put aside his family’s expenses for one year from it and whatever left was spent on horses and weapons (for fighting) in the cause of Allah.
The spoils of war were not made lawful for any people before us, then Allah made the spoils of war lawful for us when He saw our weakness and helplessness, so He made them lawful for us
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "One of the prophets (peace be upon them) set out on a military expedition. He said to his people: 'Let not anyone accompany me who has married a woman and wishes to consummate his marriage with her but has not yet done so, or one who has built a house but has not yet erected its roof, or one who has bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and is waiting for their offspring.' Then he marched on and approached a village at the time of the afternoon prayer or close to that, so he said to the sun: 'You are commanded and so am I. O Allah, hold it back (from setting) for us,' and it was held back until Allah granted him victory. He gathered the spoils of war, and the fire came down to devour them but it did not devour them. He said: 'Some of you misappropriated the spoils of war, so one man from each tribe should give me his pledge of allegiance.' They all did so and the hand of one man stuck to his hand, so he said: 'Your tribe is guilty of misappropriation of the spoils of war. Let all the members of your tribe give their pledge of allegiance to me.' They did so and the hands of two or three men stuck to his hand. He said: 'You have taken something from the spoils of war illegally.' So they brought an amount of gold equal in size to the head of a cow. They placed it among the spoils so the fire approached and devoured them. The spoils of war were not made lawful for any people before us, then Allah made the spoils of war lawful for us when He saw our weakness and helplessness, so He made them lawful for us."
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah in the Year of the Conquest wearing a helmet on his head. When he took it off, a man came to him and said: Ibn Khatal is hanging on to the drapes of the Ka‘bah, so he (the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: Kill him
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered Makkah in the Year of the Conquest wearing a helmet on his head. When he took it off, a man came to him and said: "Ibn Khatal is hanging on to the drapes of the Ka‘bah." So he (the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Kill him."
Ibn ‘Umar reported that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb wrote to the army commanders about men who stayed for a long time away from their wives. He ordered the [commanders] to charge them to either spend (on their wives) or divorce. If they divorce, they should send the financial support they had withheld
Ibn ‘Umar reported: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb wrote to the army commanders about the men who had stayed away from their wives (for a long time). He ordered the [commanders] to enjoin them to either spend (on their wives) or divorce. If they divorced, they should send the financial support they had withheld.
Whenever the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) intended to carry out a battle, he would use an equivocation to conceal his real destination till it was the battle of Tabūk
Ka‘b ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Whenever the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) intended to carry out a battle, he would use an equivocation to conceal his real destination till it was the battle of Tabūk which the Messenger carried out in very hot weather. As he was going to face a very long journey through a wasteland and was to meet and attack a large number of enemies. So, he made the situation clear to the Muslims so that they might prepare themselves accordingly and get ready to conquer their enemy. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed them of the destination he was heading for.
Go back, for I will not seek help from a polytheist
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) set out for Badr. When he reached Harrat al-Wabarah, a man met him who was known for his courage and support of others. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) were pleased to see him. He said: "I have come so that I may follow you and get a share from the booty." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?" He said: 'No.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then go back, for I will not seek help from a polytheist." He went on until we reached Ash-Shajarah, where the man met him again. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him the same question again, and the man gave him the same answer. he said: "Then go back, for I will not seek help from a polytheist." The man returned and overtook him at Baydā'. He asked him as he had asked previously: "Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?" The man said: 'Yes.' The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Then come along with us."
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) obtained the freedom of two Muslim men in captivity in exchange for a man from the polytheists
‘Imrān ibn Husayn reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) obtained the freedom of two Muslim men in captivity in exchange for a man from the polytheists.
I witnessed the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) give a quarter (of the war spoils) as extra booty on the way out to a battle and a third on the way back
Habīb ibn Maslamah al-Fihri reported: I witnessed the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) give a quarter (of the war spoils) as extra booty on the way out to a battle and a third on the way back.
We used to get honey and grapes (as spoils) and eat them without bringing them (to the Prophet or the one in charge of distributing the spoils)
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: During our military expeditions, we used to get honey and grapes (as spoils) and eat them without bringing them (to the Prophet or the one in charge of distributing the spoils).
We went to the battle of Khaybar along with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and got spoils there. The Messenger of Allah divided them among us and placed the rest of them with the booty
‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Ghanm reported: We were stationed at the frontiers of the city of Qinnasrīn with Shurahbīl ibn As-Simt. When he conquered it, he seized sheep and cows there. He distributed some of them among us, and deposited the rest of them in the spoils of war. I met Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal and mentioned that to him. Mu‘ādh said: "We went to the battle of Khaybar along with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and got spoils there. The Messenger of Allah divided them among us and placed the rest of them with the booty."
نزلت في يوم بدر {ومَن يُولِّهِم يومئذٍ دُبُرَهُ}
عن أبي سعيد، قال: نزلت في يوم بدر {ومَن يُولِّهِم يومئذٍ دُبُرَهُ} [الأنفال: 16].
لا يحل لأحدكم أن يحمل بمكة السلاح
عن جابر قال: سمعت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «لا يحل لأحدكم أن يحمل بمكة السلاح».
لا تُغْزَى هذه بعد اليوم إلى يوم القيامة
عن الحارث بن مالك بن البرصاء قال: سمعت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم فتح مكة يقول: (لا تُغْزَى هذه بعد اليوم إلى يوم القيامة).
كان شعارُنا تلك الليلة: أمِتْ أمِتْ
عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بنِ الأَكْوَعِ قَالَ: أَمَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْنَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَغَزَوْنَا نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَبَيَّتْنَاهُمْ نَقْتُلُهُمْ، وَكَانَ شِعَارُنَا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ: أَمِتْ أَمِتْ، فَقَتَلْتُ بِيَدَيّ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ سَبْعَةَ أَهْلِ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.
إن بُيِّتُّم فليكن شعاركم: حم لا ينصرون
عَنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ بْنِ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «إِنْ بُيِّتُّمْ فَلْيَكُنْ شِعَارُكُمْ حم لَا يُنْصَرُونَ».
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا أتاه الفيء قسمه في يومه
عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ الْفَيْءُ قَسَمَهُ فِي يَوْمِهِ، فَأَعْطَى الْآهِلَ حَظَّيْنِ، وَأَعْطَى الْعَزَبَ حَظًّا، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَدُعِينَا وَكُنْتُ أُدْعَى قَبْلَ عَمَّارٍ، فَدُعِيتُ فَأَعْطَانِي حَظَّيْنِ، وَكَانَ لِي أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ دُعِيَ بَعْدِي عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ، فَأُعْطِيَ حَظًّا وَاحِدًا.